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<!DOCTYPE html>

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different manner than that of other pointers. A Function Pointer is a type of

variable which stores the address of a function which can be called upon later

through Function Pointer." />

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<h3 class="pb-3 pt-3">C++ Structures</h3>

<p>Structure is a collection of <strong>DISSIMILAR</strong> kinds of data elements store at <strong>CONTINUES</strong> memory locations. In this article, you'll learn about structures in C++ programming; what is it, how to define it and use it in your program.</p>

<p><strong>Syntax of Declaration A Structure:-</strong></p>

<p>The struct keyword defines a structure type followed by an identifier (name of the structure).</p>

<p>Then inside the curly braces, you can declare one or more members (declare variables inside

curly braces) of that structure. For example:</p>

<pre>struct Person

{

char name[50];

int age;

float salary;

};</pre>

<p>Here a structure person is defined which has three members: name, age and salary.<br>When a structure is created, no memory is allocated.</p>

<p>The structure definition is only the blueprint for the creating of variables. You can imagine it as a

datatype. When you define an integer as below:</p>

<p>The int specifies that, variable <strong>foo</strong> can hold integer element only. Similarly, structure definition

only specifies that, what property a structure variable holds when it is defined.</p>

<p><strong>Note:</strong>:Remember to end the declaration with a <strong>semicolon(;)</strong></p>

<hr/>

<h4 class="pt-3 pb-3">Copying one structure variable to another.</h4>

<pre>#include<stdio.h>

#include<string.h>

typedef struct student{

int roll_num;

char name[128];

}

student_t;

void print_struct(student_t*s){

printf("Roll num:%d,name:%s\n",s->roll_num,s->name);

}

int main(){

student_ts1,s2;

s1.roll_num=4;

strcpy(s1.name,"ram");

s2=s1;

//Contents ofs1 are not affected as deep copy is performed on an array

s2.name[0]='R';

s2.name[1]='A';

s2.name[2]='M';

print_struct(&s1);

print_struct(&s2);

return 0;

}</pre>

<p><strong>Output:</strong></p>

<pre>Roll num:4,name: ram

Roll num:4,name: RAM</pre>

<hr/>

<h4 class="pt-3 pb-3">How to define a structure variable?</h4>

<p>Struct keyword is used to define a structure. Struct defines a new data type which is a collection of primary and derived datat ypes.</p>

<p><strong>Syntax:</strong></p>

<pre>struct [structure_tag]

{

//member variable 1

//member variable 2

//member variable 3

...

}[structure_variables];</pre>

<p>As you can see in the syntax above, we start with the struct keyword, then it's optional

to provide your structure a name, we suggest you to give it a name, then inside the curly braces, we have to mention all the member variables, which are nothing but normal C language variables of different types like int, float, array etc.</p>

<p>After the closing curly brace, we can specify one or more structure variables, again this is optional.</p>

<hr/>

<h4 class="pt-3 pb-3">How to access members of a structure?</h4>

<p>The members of structure variable is accessed using a dot (.) operator.</p>

<p>Suppose, you want to access <code>age</code> of structure variable <code>bill</code> and assign it 50 to it. You can

perform this task by using following code below:</p>

<h5 class="pt-3 pb-3">Example of C++ structure</h5>

<pre>#include<iostream>

#include<cstring>

using namespace std;

struct student

{

string name;

int roll_no;

};

int main(){

struct student stud={"Sam",1};

struct student * ptr;

ptr=&stud;

cout<< stud.name<< stud.roll_no<< endl;

cout << ptr->name<< ptr->roll_no<< endl;

return0;

}</pre>

<p><code>struct student*ptr;</code>-We declared 'ptr' as a pointer to the structure student.</p>

<p><code>ptr = &stud;</code>We made our pointer ptr to point to the structure variable stud. Thus,'ptr'now stores the address of the structure variable 'stud'.</p>

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