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<h3 class="pb-3 pt-3">Getting Started </h3>

<h4 class="pt-3 pb-3">Introduction to Computer Programming</h4>

<p>We all know that computer is an electronic device that takes data as

input, processes it and gives meaningful result as output. A computer

processes data on the basis of instructions. These instructions direct

computer hardware (i.e. CPU) to perform various operations, like

arithmetic operations, logical operations, memory allocation etc.

</p>

<p>The set of instruction given to a computer is called a program or

computer program. These computer programs are written in

programming languages which are also known as <strong>High Level Languages

(HLL)</strong>. High Level Languages are near to human language and can be

converted into languages understandable by computer hardware (

machine code and binary numbers). Thus, a programming language acts

as a interpreter between humans and computers.</p>

<p>We have different programming languages to communicate with

computers like, <strong>C, C++, java, python</strong> etc.</p>

<p>In this course, we are going to learn <strong>C++</strong>.</p>

<hr/>

<h4 class="pt-3 pb-3">About C++</h4>

<p><strong>C++</strong> is one of the most popular and powerful general purpose language

came into existence in 1979, and was developed by <strong>Bjarne Stroustrup</strong> at <strong>AT&T bell labs</strong>. Although, its first edition was launched in 1985 . It was initially developed as an extension C language, but later became much popular.</p>

<p>C++ can be used to develop operating systems, browsers, games, and so on. C++ supports different ways of programming like <strong>procedural</strong>, <strong>object-oriented, functional</strong>, and so on. This makes C++ powerful as well as flexible.</p>

<hr/>

<h4 class="pt-3 pb-3"> Getting Started with C++ IDE and Compiler</h4>

<p>Basically, for programming a programmer needs two things a <strong>text

editor</strong> to write programs and an interface to convert them in machine

code. This interface is called <strong>compiler</strong>. A compiler itself is a program

that converts high level language into machine understandable

language.</p>

<p>An <strong>Integrated Development Environment (IDE)</strong> is a software that

comes with both, the text editor and compiler and also with other

necessary tools for programming, software development and testing.</p>

<p>There various IDE based on different compilers. But in this course we

will use <strong>Code::Blocks</strong> IDE based on <strong>GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)</strong>.</p>

<hr/>

<h4 class="pt-3 pb-3">How to download</h4>

<p>To download Code::Block go to the following link,

</p>

<a href="http://www.codeblocks.org/downloads/26">http://www.codeblocks.org/downloads/26</a>

<p>it is available for linux and windows</p>

<p>Mac OS users have to download <strong>Xcode</strong> IDE based on <strong>Clang</strong> compiler

</p>

<p>To download you may go to Apple website or Apple Appstore .</p>

<hr/>

<h4 class="pt-3 pb-3">Setting up the IDE</h4>

<h5 class="pt-3 pb-3">For windows users

</h5>

<ul>

<li>After successfully installing Code::Blocks, go to <strong>File</strong> menu ->

Select <strong>New</strong> and <strong>create an Empty file</strong>.</li>

<li>Now write your C++ program in this empty file and save the file with

a ‘.cpp’ extension.</li>

<li>After saving the file with ‘.cpp’ extension, go to <strong>Build</strong> menu and

choose the <strong>Build and Run</strong> option.</li>

</ul>

<h5 class="pt-3 pb-3">For Mac OS users

</h5>

<ul>

<li>After successfully installing Xcode, open the Xcode application.</li>

<li>To create a new project. Go to File menu -> select New -> select

Project. This will create a new project for you.</li>

<li>Now in the next window you have to choose a template for your

project. To choose a C++ template choose <strong>Application</strong> option which

is under the <strong>OS X</strong> section on the left side bar. Now

choose <strong>command-line tools</strong> from available options and

hit <strong>Next</strong> button.</li>

<li>On the next window provide all the necessary details like ‘name of

organisation’, ‘Product Name’ etc. But make sure to choose the

language as C++ . After filling the details hit the next button to

proceed to further steps.</li>

<li>Choose the location where you want to save your project. After this

choose the <strong>main.cpp</strong> file from the directory list on the left side-bar.</li>

<li>Now after opening the main.cpp file, you will see a pre written c++

program or template is provided. You may change this program as

per your requirement. To run your C++ program you have to go

to <strong>Product</strong> menu and choose the <strong>Run</strong> option from the dropdown.</li>

</ul>

<hr/>

<h4 class="pt-3 pb-3">‘Hello world!’ in C++</h4>

<p>‘Hello world!’ is the first program one writes while learning a

programming language. We will do the same in C++ language.</p>

<pre>//my first program

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(){

cout<<"Hello world !";

return 0;

}</pre>

<p><strong>Output:</strong></p>

<pre>Hello world!

</pre>

<p>Let’s see how this works. </p>

<ol>

<li><strong> //my first program</strong><br>in C++, a line starting with // is called comment. Comments are

intended for a person who is reading the code, for better

understanding. It is completely ignored by compiler.

</li><br>

<li><strong> #include<iostream> </strong><br>The <strong>#include</strong> is a preprocessor directive used to include files in our

program. The above code is including the contents of the <strong>iostream</strong> file.</li><br>

<li><strong>int main(){…} </strong><br>A C++ program must have <strong>main()</strong> function followed by curly braces <strong>{}</strong> in

which program is written. The execution of program starts from <strong>main()</strong>

and it is called by the operating system.

</li><br>

<li><strong>cout<<”Hello world !”;</strong><br><strong>Cout</strong> followed by << prints the line inside the quotations on the

console. ; is used to indicate end of a statement.

</li><br>

<li><strong> return 0;</strong><br>It is the exit statement from a function or program.</li>

</ol>

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