"""Periodic Table of Elements, by Al Sweigart al@inventwithpython.com
Displays atomic information for all the elements.
This code is available at https://nostarch.com/big-book-small-python-programming
Tags: short, science"""
# Data from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements
# Highlight the table, copy it, then paste it into a spreadsheet program
# like Excel or Google Sheets like in https://invpy.com/elements
# Then save this file as periodictable.csv.
# Or download this csv file from https://invpy.com/periodictable.csv
import csv, sys, re
# Read in all the data from periodictable.csv.
elementsFile = open('periodictable.csv', encoding='utf-8')
elementsCsvReader = csv.reader(elementsFile)
elements = list(elementsCsvReader)
elementsFile.close()
ALL_COLUMNS = ['Atomic Number', 'Symbol', 'Element', 'Origin of name',
'Group', 'Period', 'Atomic weight', 'Density',
'Melting point', 'Boiling point',
'Specific heat capacity', 'Electronegativity',
'Abundance in earth\'s crust']
# To justify the text, we need to find the longest string in ALL_COLUMNS.
LONGEST_COLUMN = 0
for key in ALL_COLUMNS:
if len(key) > LONGEST_COLUMN:
LONGEST_COLUMN = len(key)
# Put all the elements data into a data structure:
ELEMENTS = {} # The data structure that stores all the element data.
for line in elements:
element = {'Atomic Number': line[0],
'Symbol': line[1],
'Element': line[2],
'Origin of name': line[3],
'Group': line[4],
'Period': line[5],
'Atomic weight': line[6] + ' u', # atomic mass unit
'Density': line[7] + ' g/cm^3', # grams/cubic cm
'Melting point': line[8] + ' K', # kelvin
'Boiling point': line[9] + ' K', # kelvin
'Specific heat capacity': line[10] + ' J/(g*K)',
'Electronegativity': line[11],
'Abundance in earth\'s crust': line[12] + ' mg/kg'}
# Some of the data has bracketed text from Wikipedia that we want to
# remove, such as the atomic weight of Boron:
# "10.81[III][IV][V][VI]" should be "10.81"
for key, value in element.items():
# Remove the [roman numeral] text:
element[key] = re.sub(r'\[(I|V|X)+\]', '', value)
ELEMENTS[line[0]] = element # Map the atomic number to the element.
ELEMENTS[line[1]] = element # Map the symbol to the element.
print('Periodic Table of Elements')
print('By Al Sweigart al@inventwithpython.com')
print()
while True: # Main program loop.
# Show table and let the user select an element:
print(''' Periodic Table of Elements
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 H He
2 Li Be B C N O F Ne
3 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
6 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
7 Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr''')
print('Enter a symbol or atomic number to examine, or QUIT to quit.')
response = input('> ').title()
if response == 'Quit':
sys.exit()
# Display the selected element's data:
if response in ELEMENTS:
for key in ALL_COLUMNS:
keyJustified = key.rjust(LONGEST_COLUMN)
print(keyJustified + ': ' + ELEMENTS[response][key])
input('Press Enter to continue...')