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<h1>
<span class="m-breadcrumb"><a href="Algorithms.html">Taskflow Algorithms</a> »</span>
Parallel Transforms
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<h3>Contents</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="#ParallelTransformsInclude">Include the Header</a></li>
<li><a href="#ParallelTransformsOverARange">Create a Unary Parallel-Transform Task</a></li>
<li><a href="#ParallelBinaryTransformsOverARange">Create a Binary Parallel-Transform Task</a></li>
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<p>Taskflow provides template functions for constructing tasks to perform parallel transforms over ranges of items.</p><section id="ParallelTransformsInclude"><h2><a href="#ParallelTransformsInclude">Include the Header</a></h2><p>You need to include the header file, <code>taskflow/algorithm/transform.hpp</code>, for creating a parallel-transform task.</p><pre class="m-code"><span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf"><taskflow/algorithm/transform.hpp></span><span class="cp"></span></pre></section><section id="ParallelTransformsOverARange"><h2><a href="#ParallelTransformsOverARange">Create a Unary Parallel-Transform Task</a></h2><p>Parallel-transform transforms a range of items, possibly with a different type for the transformed data, and stores the result in another range. The task created by <a href="classtf_1_1FlowBuilder.html#abd813bd7afcbd8e6f56dc67883917d1a" class="m-doc">tf::<wbr />Taskflow::<wbr />transform(B first1, E last1, O d_first, C c)</a> is equivalent to a parallel execution of the following loop:</p><pre class="m-code"><span class="k">while</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">first1</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="n">last1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="o">*</span><span class="n">d_first</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">first1</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span></pre><p>By default, <a href="classtf_1_1FlowBuilder.html#abd813bd7afcbd8e6f56dc67883917d1a" class="m-doc">tf::<wbr />Taskflow::<wbr />transform(B first1, E last1, O d_first, C c)</a> creates a task to spawn a subflow (see <a href="DynamicTasking.html" class="m-doc">Dynamic Tasking</a>) that simultaneously applies the callable <code>c</code> to the object obtained by dereferencing every iterator in the range <code>[first1, last1)</code> and stores the result in another range beginning at <code>d_first</code>. It is user's responsibility for ensuring the range is valid within the execution of the parallel-transform task. <a href="classtf_1_1Taskflow.html" class="m-doc">Taskflow</a>'s parallel-transform tasks work on all iterable STL containers.</p><pre class="m-code"><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="n">src</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">};</span>
<span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="n">tgt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">src</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">());</span>
<span class="n">taskflow</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">transform</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">src</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">begin</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">src</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">end</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="p">[](</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">){</span>
<span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span> <span class="o"><<</span> <span class="s">"transforming item "</span> <span class="o"><<</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o"><<</span> <span class="s">" to "</span> <span class="o"><<</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o"><<</span> <span class="sc">'\n'</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">});</span></pre><p>You can enable stateful iterators by creating a reference wrapper and pass the wrapped iterator to the argument of <a href="classtf_1_1FlowBuilder.html#abd813bd7afcbd8e6f56dc67883917d1a" class="m-doc">tf::<wbr />Taskflow::<wbr />transform</a>. This is especially useful when the range is not known at the time of creating a parallel-transform task, but through another task.</p><pre class="m-code"><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="n">src</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tgt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">>::</span><span class="n">iterator</span> <span class="n">first</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">last</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">d_first</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="n">tf</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Task</span> <span class="n">init</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">taskflow</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">emplace</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="p">](){</span>
<span class="n">src</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">resize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="n">tgt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">resize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="n">first</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">src</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">begin</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="n">last</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">src</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">end</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="n">d_first</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">tgt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">begin</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="p">});</span>
<span class="n">tf</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Task</span> <span class="n">transform</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">taskflow</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">for_each</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">ref</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">first</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">ref</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">last</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">ref</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d_first</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="p">](</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span> <span class="o"><<</span> <span class="s">"transforming item "</span> <span class="o"><<</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o"><<</span> <span class="s">" to "</span> <span class="o"><<</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o"><<</span> <span class="sc">'\n'</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="n">init</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">precede</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">transform</span><span class="p">);</span></pre><p>When <code>init</code> finishes, the parallel-transform task <code>transform</code> will see <code>first</code> pointing to the beginning of <code>src</code> and <code>last</code> pointing to the end of <code>src</code>. Then, it simultaneously transforms these 1000 items by adding one to each element and stores the result in another range starting at <code>d_first</code>.</p></section><section id="ParallelBinaryTransformsOverARange"><h2><a href="#ParallelBinaryTransformsOverARange">Create a Binary Parallel-Transform Task</a></h2><p>You can use the overload, <a href="classtf_1_1FlowBuilder.html#aa0b3271b34317710a1e32053a9abc3cf" class="m-doc">tf::<wbr />Taskflow::<wbr />transform(B1 first1, E1 last1, B2 first2, O d_first, C c)</a>, to perform parallel transforms on two source ranges pointed by <code>first1</code> and <code>first2</code> using the binary operator <code>c</code> and store the result in another range pointed by <code>d_first</code>. This method is equivalent to the parallel execution of the following loop:</p><pre class="m-code"><span class="k">while</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">first1</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="n">last1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="o">*</span><span class="n">d_first</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">first1</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">first2</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span></pre><p>The following example creates a parallel-transform task that adds two ranges of elements one by one and stores the result in a target range:</p><pre class="m-code"><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="n">src1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">};</span>
<span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="n">src2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">};</span>
<span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="n">tgt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">src</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">());</span>
<span class="n">taskflow</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">transform</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">src1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">begin</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">src1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">end</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">src2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">begin</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">tgt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">begin</span><span class="p">(),</span>
<span class="p">[](</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">j</span><span class="p">){</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">j</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">);</span></pre></section>
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