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using System;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Transactions;
using NUnit.Framework;
// TransactionScope exists in netstandard20, but distributed transactions do not.
// We used to support distributed transactions back when we targeted .NET Framework, keeping them here in case
// they get ported to .NET Core (https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/715)
#if DISTRIBUTED_TRANSACTIONS
namespace Npgsql.Tests
{
[NonParallelizable]
public class DistributedTransactionTests : TestBase
{
[Test]
public void TwoConnections()
{
using (var conn1 = OpenConnection(ConnectionStringEnlistOff))
using (var conn2 = OpenConnection(ConnectionStringEnlistOff))
{
using (var scope = new TransactionScope())
{
conn1.EnlistTransaction(Transaction.Current);
conn2.EnlistTransaction(Transaction.Current);
Assert.That(conn1.ExecuteNonQuery(@"INSERT INTO data (name) VALUES ('test1')"), Is.EqualTo(1), "Unexpected first insert rowcount");
Assert.That(conn2.ExecuteNonQuery(@"INSERT INTO data (name) VALUES ('test2')"), Is.EqualTo(1), "Unexpected second insert rowcount");
scope.Complete();
}
}
// TODO: There may be a race condition here, where the prepared transaction above still hasn't committed.
AssertNoDistributedIdentifier();
AssertNoPreparedTransactions();
AssertNumberOfRows(2);
}
[Test]
public void TwoConnectionsRollback()
{
using (new TransactionScope())
using (var conn1 = OpenConnection(ConnectionStringEnlistOn))
using (var conn2 = OpenConnection(ConnectionStringEnlistOn))
{
Assert.That(conn1.ExecuteNonQuery(@"INSERT INTO data (name) VALUES ('test1')"), Is.EqualTo(1), "Unexpected first insert rowcount");
Assert.That(conn2.ExecuteNonQuery(@"INSERT INTO data (name) VALUES ('test2')"), Is.EqualTo(1), "Unexpected second insert rowcount");
}
// TODO: There may be a race condition here, where the prepared transaction above still hasn't committed.
AssertNoDistributedIdentifier();
AssertNoPreparedTransactions();
AssertNumberOfRows(0);
}
[Test, Ignore("Flaky")]
public void DistributedRollback()
{
var disposedCalled = false;
var tx = new TransactionScope();
try
{
using (var conn1 = OpenConnection(ConnectionStringEnlistOn))
{
Assert.That(conn1.ExecuteNonQuery(@"INSERT INTO data (name) VALUES ('test1')"), Is.EqualTo(1), "Unexpected first insert rowcount");
EnlistResource.EscalateToDistributed(true);
AssertHasDistributedIdentifier();
tx.Complete();
}
disposedCalled = true;
Assert.That(() => tx.Dispose(), Throws.TypeOf<TransactionAbortedException>());
// TODO: There may be a race condition here, where the prepared transaction above still hasn't completed.
AssertNoDistributedIdentifier();
AssertNoPreparedTransactions();
AssertNumberOfRows(0);
}
finally
{
if (!disposedCalled)
tx.Dispose();
}
}
[Test(Description = "Transaction race, bool distributed")]
[Explicit("Fails on Appveyor (https://ci.appveyor.com/project/roji/npgsql/build/3.3.0-250)")]
public void TransactionRace([Values(false, true)] bool distributed)
{
for (var i = 1; i <= 100; i++)
{
var eventQueue = new ConcurrentQueue<TransactionEvent>();
try
{
using (var tx = new TransactionScope())
using (var conn1 = OpenConnection(ConnectionStringEnlistOn))
{
eventQueue.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent("Scope started, connection enlisted"));
Assert.That(conn1.ExecuteNonQuery(@"INSERT INTO data (name) VALUES ('test1')"), Is.EqualTo(1), "Unexpected first insert rowcount");
eventQueue.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent("Insert done"));
if (distributed)
{
EnlistResource.EscalateToDistributed(eventQueue);
AssertHasDistributedIdentifier();
}
else
{
EnlistResource.EnlistVolatile(eventQueue);
AssertNoDistributedIdentifier();
}
tx.Complete();
eventQueue.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent("Scope completed"));
}
eventQueue.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent("Scope disposed"));
AssertNoDistributedIdentifier();
if (distributed)
{
// There may be a race condition here, where the prepared transaction above still hasn't completed.
// This is by design of MS DTC. Giving it up to 100ms to complete. If it proves flaky, raise
// maxLoop.
const int maxLoop = 20;
for (var j = 0; j < maxLoop; j++)
{
Thread.Sleep(10);
try
{
AssertNumberOfRows(i);
break;
}
catch
{
if (j == maxLoop - 1)
throw;
}
}
}
else
AssertNumberOfRows(i);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Assert.Fail(
@"Failed at iteration {0}.
Events:
{1}
Exception {2}",
i, FormatEventQueue(eventQueue), ex);
}
}
}
[Test]
public void TwoConnectionsWithFailure()
{
using (var conn1 = OpenConnection(ConnectionStringEnlistOff))
using (var conn2 = OpenConnection(ConnectionStringEnlistOff))
{
var scope = new TransactionScope();
conn1.EnlistTransaction(Transaction.Current);
conn2.EnlistTransaction(Transaction.Current);
Assert.That(conn1.ExecuteNonQuery(@"INSERT INTO data (name) VALUES ('test1')"), Is.EqualTo(1), "Unexpected first insert rowcount");
Assert.That(conn2.ExecuteNonQuery(@"INSERT INTO data (name) VALUES ('test2')"), Is.EqualTo(1), "Unexpected second insert rowcount");
conn1.ExecuteNonQuery($"SELECT pg_terminate_backend({conn2.ProcessID})");
scope.Complete();
Assert.That(() => scope.Dispose(), Throws.Exception.TypeOf<TransactionAbortedException>());
AssertNoDistributedIdentifier();
AssertNoPreparedTransactions();
using (var tx = conn1.BeginTransaction())
{
Assert.That(conn1.ExecuteScalar(@"SELECT COUNT(*) FROM data"), Is.EqualTo(0), "Unexpected data count");
tx.Rollback();
}
}
}
[Test(Description = "Connection reuse race after transaction, bool distributed"), Explicit]
public void ConnectionReuseRaceAfterTransaction([Values(false, true)] bool distributed)
{
for (var i = 1; i <= 100; i++)
{
var eventQueue = new ConcurrentQueue<TransactionEvent>();
try
{
using (var conn1 = OpenConnection(ConnectionStringEnlistOff))
{
using (var scope = new TransactionScope())
{
conn1.EnlistTransaction(Transaction.Current);
eventQueue.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent("Scope started, connection enlisted"));
if (distributed)
{
EnlistResource.EscalateToDistributed(eventQueue);
AssertHasDistributedIdentifier();
}
else
{
EnlistResource.EnlistVolatile(eventQueue);
AssertNoDistributedIdentifier();
}
Assert.That(conn1.ExecuteNonQuery(@"INSERT INTO data (name) VALUES ('test1')"), Is.EqualTo(1), "Unexpected first insert rowcount");
eventQueue.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent("Insert done"));
scope.Complete();
eventQueue.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent("Scope completed"));
}
eventQueue.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent("Scope disposed"));
Assert.DoesNotThrow(() => conn1.ExecuteScalar(@"SELECT COUNT(*) FROM data"));
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Assert.Fail(
@"Failed at iteration {0}.
Events:
{1}
Exception {2}",
i, FormatEventQueue(eventQueue), ex);
}
}
}
[Test(Description = "Connection reuse race after rollback, bool distributed"), Explicit("Currently failing.")]
public void ConnectionReuseRaceAfterRollback([Values(false, true)] bool distributed)
{
for (var i = 1; i <= 100; i++)
{
var eventQueue = new ConcurrentQueue<TransactionEvent>();
try
{
using (var conn1 = OpenConnection(ConnectionStringEnlistOff))
{
using (new TransactionScope())
{
conn1.EnlistTransaction(Transaction.Current);
eventQueue.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent("Scope started, connection enlisted"));
if (distributed)
{
EnlistResource.EscalateToDistributed(eventQueue);
AssertHasDistributedIdentifier();
}
else
{
EnlistResource.EnlistVolatile(eventQueue);
AssertNoDistributedIdentifier();
}
Assert.That(conn1.ExecuteNonQuery(@"INSERT INTO data (name) VALUES ('test1')"), Is.EqualTo(1), "Unexpected first insert rowcount");
eventQueue.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent("Insert done"));
eventQueue.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent("Scope not completed"));
}
eventQueue.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent("Scope disposed"));
conn1.EnlistTransaction(null);
eventQueue.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent("Connection enlisted with null"));
Assert.DoesNotThrow(() => conn1.ExecuteScalar(@"SELECT COUNT(*) FROM data"));
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Assert.Fail(
@"Failed at iteration {0}.
Events:
{1}
Exception {2}",
i, FormatEventQueue(eventQueue), ex);
}
}
}
[Test(Description = "Connection reuse race chaining transactions, bool distributed")]
[Explicit]
public void ConnectionReuseRaceChainingTransaction([Values(false, true)] bool distributed)
{
for (var i = 1; i <= 100; i++)
{
var eventQueue = new ConcurrentQueue<TransactionEvent>();
try
{
using (var conn1 = OpenConnection(ConnectionStringEnlistOff))
{
using (var scope = new TransactionScope())
{
eventQueue.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent("First scope started"));
conn1.EnlistTransaction(Transaction.Current);
eventQueue.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent("First scope, connection enlisted"));
if (distributed)
{
EnlistResource.EscalateToDistributed(eventQueue);
AssertHasDistributedIdentifier();
}
else
{
EnlistResource.EnlistVolatile(eventQueue);
AssertNoDistributedIdentifier();
}
Assert.That(conn1.ExecuteNonQuery(@"INSERT INTO data (name) VALUES ('test1')"), Is.EqualTo(1), "Unexpected first insert rowcount");
eventQueue.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent("First insert done"));
scope.Complete();
eventQueue.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent("First scope completed"));
}
eventQueue.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent("First scope disposed"));
using (var scope = new TransactionScope())
{
eventQueue.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent("Second scope started"));
conn1.EnlistTransaction(Transaction.Current);
eventQueue.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent("Second scope, connection enlisted"));
if (distributed)
{
EnlistResource.EscalateToDistributed(eventQueue);
AssertHasDistributedIdentifier();
}
else
{
EnlistResource.EnlistVolatile(eventQueue);
AssertNoDistributedIdentifier();
}
Assert.That(conn1.ExecuteNonQuery(@"INSERT INTO data (name) VALUES ('test1')"), Is.EqualTo(1), "Unexpected second insert rowcount");
eventQueue.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent("Second insert done"));
scope.Complete();
eventQueue.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent("Second scope completed"));
}
eventQueue.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent("Second scope disposed"));
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Assert.Fail(
@"Failed at iteration {0}.
Events:
{1}
Exception {2}",
i, FormatEventQueue(eventQueue), ex);
}
}
}
[Test]
public void ReuseConnectionWithEscalation()
{
using (new TransactionScope())
{
using (var conn1 = new NpgsqlConnection(ConnectionStringEnlistOn))
{
conn1.Open();
var processId = conn1.ProcessID;
using (new NpgsqlConnection(ConnectionStringEnlistOn)) { }
conn1.Close();
conn1.Open();
Assert.That(conn1.ProcessID, Is.EqualTo(processId));
conn1.Close();
}
}
}
[Test, IssueLink("https://github.com/npgsql/npgsql/issues/1594")]
public void Bug1594()
{
using (new TransactionScope())
{
using (var conn = OpenConnection(ConnectionStringEnlistOn))
using (var innerScope1 = new TransactionScope())
{
conn.ExecuteNonQuery(@"INSERT INTO data (name) VALUES ('test1')");
innerScope1.Complete();
}
using (OpenConnection(ConnectionStringEnlistOn))
using (new TransactionScope())
{
// Don't complete, triggering rollback
}
}
}
#region Utilities
void AssertNoPreparedTransactions()
=> Assert.That(GetNumberOfPreparedTransactions(), Is.EqualTo(0), "Prepared transactions found");
int GetNumberOfPreparedTransactions()
{
using (var conn = OpenConnection(ConnectionStringEnlistOff))
using (var cmd = new NpgsqlCommand("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts WHERE database = @database", conn))
{
cmd.Parameters.Add(new NpgsqlParameter("database", conn.Database));
return (int)(long)cmd.ExecuteScalar()!;
}
}
void AssertNumberOfRows(int expected)
=> Assert.That(_controlConn.ExecuteScalar(@"SELECT COUNT(*) FROM data"), Is.EqualTo(expected), "Unexpected data count");
static void AssertNoDistributedIdentifier()
=> Assert.That(Transaction.Current?.TransactionInformation.DistributedIdentifier ?? Guid.Empty, Is.EqualTo(Guid.Empty), "Distributed identifier found");
static void AssertHasDistributedIdentifier()
=> Assert.That(Transaction.Current?.TransactionInformation.DistributedIdentifier ?? Guid.Empty, Is.Not.EqualTo(Guid.Empty), "Distributed identifier not found");
public string ConnectionStringEnlistOn
=> new NpgsqlConnectionStringBuilder(ConnectionString) { Enlist = true }.ToString();
public string ConnectionStringEnlistOff
=> new NpgsqlConnectionStringBuilder(ConnectionString) { Enlist = false }.ToString();
static string FormatEventQueue(ConcurrentQueue<TransactionEvent> eventQueue)
{
eventQueue.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent(@"-------------
Start formatting event queue, going to sleep a bit for late events
-------------"));
Thread.Sleep(20);
var eventsMessage = new StringBuilder();
foreach (var evt in eventQueue)
{
eventsMessage.AppendLine(evt.Message);
}
return eventsMessage.ToString();
}
// Idea from NHibernate test project, DtcFailuresFixture
public class EnlistResource : IEnlistmentNotification
{
public static int Counter { get; set; }
readonly bool _shouldRollBack;
readonly string _name;
readonly ConcurrentQueue<TransactionEvent>? _eventQueue;
public static void EnlistVolatile(ConcurrentQueue<TransactionEvent> eventQueue)
=> EnlistVolatile(false, eventQueue);
public static void EnlistVolatile(bool shouldRollBack = false, ConcurrentQueue<TransactionEvent>? eventQueue = null)
=> Enlist(false, shouldRollBack, eventQueue);
public static void EscalateToDistributed(ConcurrentQueue<TransactionEvent> eventQueue)
=> EscalateToDistributed(false, eventQueue);
public static void EscalateToDistributed(bool shouldRollBack = false, ConcurrentQueue<TransactionEvent>? eventQueue = null)
=> Enlist(true, shouldRollBack, eventQueue);
static void Enlist(bool durable, bool shouldRollBack, ConcurrentQueue<TransactionEvent>? eventQueue)
{
Counter++;
var name = $"{(durable ? "Durable" : "Volatile")} resource {Counter}";
var resource = new EnlistResource(shouldRollBack, name, eventQueue);
if (durable)
Transaction.Current!.EnlistDurable(Guid.NewGuid(), resource, EnlistmentOptions.None);
else
Transaction.Current!.EnlistVolatile(resource, EnlistmentOptions.None);
Transaction.Current.TransactionCompleted += resource.Current_TransactionCompleted!;
eventQueue?.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent(name + ": enlisted"));
}
EnlistResource(bool shouldRollBack, string name, ConcurrentQueue<TransactionEvent>? eventQueue)
{
_shouldRollBack = shouldRollBack;
_name = name;
_eventQueue = eventQueue;
}
public void Prepare(PreparingEnlistment preparingEnlistment)
{
_eventQueue?.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent(_name + ": prepare phase start"));
Thread.Sleep(1);
if (_shouldRollBack)
{
_eventQueue?.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent(_name + ": prepare phase, calling rollback-ed"));
preparingEnlistment.ForceRollback();
}
else
{
_eventQueue?.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent(_name + ": prepare phase, calling prepared"));
preparingEnlistment.Prepared();
}
Thread.Sleep(1);
_eventQueue?.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent(_name + ": prepare phase end"));
}
public void Commit(Enlistment enlistment)
{
_eventQueue?.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent(_name + ": commit phase start"));
Thread.Sleep(1);
_eventQueue?.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent(_name + ": commit phase, calling done"));
enlistment.Done();
Thread.Sleep(1);
_eventQueue?.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent(_name + ": commit phase end"));
}
public void Rollback(Enlistment enlistment)
{
_eventQueue?.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent(_name + ": rollback phase start"));
Thread.Sleep(1);
_eventQueue?.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent(_name + ": rollback phase, calling done"));
enlistment.Done();
Thread.Sleep(1);
_eventQueue?.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent(_name + ": rollback phase end"));
}
public void InDoubt(Enlistment enlistment)
{
_eventQueue?.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent(_name + ": in-doubt phase start"));
Thread.Sleep(1);
_eventQueue?.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent(_name + ": in-doubt phase, calling done"));
enlistment.Done();
Thread.Sleep(1);
_eventQueue?.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent(_name + ": in-doubt phase end"));
}
void Current_TransactionCompleted(object sender, TransactionEventArgs e)
{
_eventQueue?.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent(_name + ": transaction completed start"));
Thread.Sleep(1);
_eventQueue?.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent(_name + ": transaction completed middle"));
Thread.Sleep(1);
_eventQueue?.Enqueue(new TransactionEvent(_name + ": transaction completed end"));
}
}
public class TransactionEvent
{
public TransactionEvent(string message)
{
Message = $"{message} (TId {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId})";
}
public string Message { get; }
}
#endregion Utilities
#region Setup
NpgsqlConnection _controlConn = default!;
[OneTimeSetUp]
public void OneTimeSetUp()
{
using (new TransactionScope(TransactionScopeOption.RequiresNew))
{
try
{
Transaction.Current!.EnlistPromotableSinglePhase(new FakePromotableSinglePhaseNotification());
}
catch (NotImplementedException)
{
Assert.Ignore("Promotable single phase transactions aren't supported (mono < 3.0.0?)");
}
}
_controlConn = OpenConnection();
// Make sure prepared transactions are enabled in postgresql.conf (disabled by default)
if (int.Parse((string)_controlConn.ExecuteScalar("SHOW max_prepared_transactions")!) == 0)
{
TestUtil.IgnoreExceptOnBuildServer("max_prepared_transactions is set to 0 in your postgresql.conf");
_controlConn.Close();
}
// Rollback any lingering prepared transactions from failed previous runs
var lingeringTrqnsqctions = new List<string>();
using (var cmd = new NpgsqlCommand("SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts WHERE database=@database", _controlConn))
{
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("database", new NpgsqlConnectionStringBuilder(ConnectionString).Database!);
using (var reader = cmd.ExecuteReader())
{
while (reader.Read())
lingeringTrqnsqctions.Add(reader.GetString(0));
}
}
foreach (var xactGid in lingeringTrqnsqctions)
_controlConn.ExecuteNonQuery($"ROLLBACK PREPARED '{xactGid}'");
// All tests in this fixture should have exclusive access to the database they're running on.
// If we run these tests in parallel (i.e. two builds in parallel) they will interfere.
// Solve this by taking a PostgreSQL advisory lock for the lifetime of the fixture.
_controlConn.ExecuteNonQuery("SELECT pg_advisory_lock(666)");
_controlConn.ExecuteNonQuery("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS data");
_controlConn.ExecuteNonQuery("CREATE TABLE data (name TEXT)");
}
[SetUp]
public void SetUp()
{
_controlConn.ExecuteNonQuery("TRUNCATE data");
EnlistResource.Counter = 0;
}
[OneTimeTearDown]
public void OneTimeTearDown()
{
_controlConn?.Close();
_controlConn = null!;
}
class FakePromotableSinglePhaseNotification : IPromotableSinglePhaseNotification
{
public byte[] Promote() => null!;
public void Initialize() {}
public void SinglePhaseCommit(SinglePhaseEnlistment singlePhaseEnlistment) {}
public void Rollback(SinglePhaseEnlistment singlePhaseEnlistment) {}
}
#endregion
}
}
#endif