def test_bytes_encoding_arg(self):

"""

u = u'Unicode string: \u5b54\u5b50'

b = bytes(u, encoding='utf-8')

self.assertEqual(b, u.encode('utf-8'))

nu = str(u)

b = bytes(nu, encoding='utf-8')

self.assertEqual(b, u.encode('utf-8'))

def test_bytes_encoding_arg_issue_193(self):

"""

u = u'abc'

b = bytes(str(u), 'utf8')

self.assertNotEqual(b, b"b'abc'")

self.assertEqual(b, b'abc')

self.assertEqual(b, bytes(b'abc'))

def test_bytes_encoding_arg_non_kwarg(self):

"""

u = u'Unicode string: \u5b54\u5b50'

b = bytes(u, 'utf-8')

self.assertEqual(b, u.encode('utf-8'))

nu = str(u)

b = bytes(nu, 'utf-8')

self.assertEqual(b, u.encode('utf-8'))

def test_bytes_string_no_encoding(self):

with self.assertRaises(TypeError):

bytes(u'ABC')

def test_bytes_int(self):

"""

self.assertEqual(bytes(5), b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00')

# Test using newint:

self.assertEqual(bytes(int(5)), b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00')

self.assertTrue(isinstance(bytes(int(5)), bytes))

# Negative counts are not allowed in Py3:

with self.assertRaises(ValueError):

bytes(-1)

with self.assertRaises(ValueError):

bytes(int(-1))

@unittest.skipIf(utils.PY3, 'test not needed on Py3: all ints are long')

def test_bytes_long(self):

"""

m = long(5)

n = long(-1)

self.assertEqual(bytes(m), b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00')

# Negative counts are not allowed in Py3:

with self.assertRaises(ValueError):

bytes(n)

def test_bytes_empty(self):

"""

self.assertEqual(bytes(), b'')

def test_bytes_iterable_of_ints(self):

self.assertEqual(bytes([65, 66, 67]), b'ABC')

self.assertEqual(bytes([int(120), int(121), int(122)]), b'xyz')

def test_bytes_bytes(self):

self.assertEqual(bytes(b'ABC'), b'ABC')

def test_bytes_is_bytes(self):

b = bytes(b'ABC')

self.assertTrue(bytes(b) is b)

self.assertEqual(repr(bytes(b)), "b'ABC'")

def test_bytes_fromhex(self):

self.assertEqual(bytes.fromhex('bb 0f'), b'\xbb\x0f')

self.assertEqual(bytes.fromhex('1234'), b'\x124')

self.assertEqual(bytes.fromhex('12ffa0'), b'\x12\xff\xa0')

b = b'My bytestring'

self.assertEqual(bytes(b).fromhex('bb 0f'), b'\xbb\x0f')

def test_isinstance_bytes(self):

self.assertTrue(isinstance(bytes(b'blah'), bytes))

def test_isinstance_bytes_subclass(self):

"""

value = bytes(b'abc')

class Magic(bytes):

pass

self.assertTrue(isinstance(value, bytes))

self.assertFalse(isinstance(value, Magic))

def test_isinstance_oldbytestrings_bytes(self):

"""

self.assertTrue(isinstance(b'blah', bytes)) # not with the redefined bytes obj

self.assertTrue(isinstance(u'blah'.encode('utf-8'), bytes)) # not with the redefined bytes obj

def test_bytes_getitem(self):

b = bytes(b'ABCD')

self.assertEqual(b[0], 65)

self.assertEqual(b[-1], 68)

self.assertEqual(b[0:1], b'A')

self.assertEqual(b[:], b'ABCD')

@expectedFailurePY2

def test_b_literal_creates_newbytes_object(self):

"""

b = b'ABCD'

self.assertTrue(isinstance(b, bytes))

self.assertEqual(b[0], 65)

self.assertTrue(repr(b).startswith('b'))

def test_repr(self):

b = bytes(b'ABCD')

self.assertTrue(repr(b).startswith('b'))

def test_str(self):

b = bytes(b'ABCD')

self.assertTrue(str(b), "b'ABCD'")

def test_bytes_setitem(self):

b = b'ABCD'

with self.assertRaises(TypeError):

b[0] = b'B'

def test_bytes_iteration(self):

b = bytes(b'ABCD')

for item in b:

self.assertTrue(isinstance(item, Integral))

self.assertEqual(list(b), [65, 66, 67, 68])

def test_bytes_plus_unicode_string(self):

b = bytes(b'ABCD')

u = u'EFGH'

with self.assertRaises(TypeError):

b + u

with self.assertRaises(TypeError):

u + b

def test_bytes_plus_bytes(self):

b1 = bytes(b'ABCD')

b2 = b1 + b1

self.assertEqual(b2, b'ABCDABCD')

self.assertTrue(isinstance(b2, bytes))

b3 = b1 + b'ZYXW'

self.assertEqual(b3, b'ABCDZYXW')

self.assertTrue(isinstance(b3, bytes))

b4 = b'ZYXW' + b1

self.assertEqual(b4, b'ZYXWABCD')

self.assertTrue(isinstance(b4, bytes))

def test_find_not_found(self):

self.assertEqual(-1, bytes(b'ABCDE').find(b':'))

def test_find_found(self):

self.assertEqual(2, bytes(b'AB:CD:E').find(b':'))

def test_rfind_not_found(self):

self.assertEqual(-1, bytes(b'ABCDE').rfind(b':'))

def test_rfind_found(self):

self.assertEqual(5, bytes(b'AB:CD:E').rfind(b':'))

def test_bytes_join_bytes(self):

b = bytes(b' * ')

strings = [b'AB', b'EFGH', b'IJKL']

result = b.join(strings)

self.assertEqual(result, b'AB * EFGH * IJKL')

self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, bytes))

def test_bytes_join_others(self):

b = bytes(b' ')

with self.assertRaises(TypeError):

b.join([42])

with self.assertRaises(TypeError):

b.join(b'blah')

with self.assertRaises(TypeError):

b.join(bytes(b'blah'))

def test_bytes_join_unicode_strings(self):

b = bytes(b'ABCD')

strings = [u'EFGH', u'IJKL']

with self.assertRaises(TypeError):

b.join(strings)

def test_bytes_replace(self):

b = bytes(b'ABCD')

c = b.replace(b'A', b'F')

self.assertEqual(c, b'FBCD')

self.assertTrue(isinstance(c, bytes))

with self.assertRaises(TypeError):

b.replace(b'A', u'F')

with self.assertRaises(TypeError):

b.replace(u'A', b'F')

def test_bytes_partition(self):

b1 = bytes(b'ABCD')

parts = b1.partition(b'B')

self.assertEqual(parts, (b'A', b'B', b'CD'))

self.assertTrue(all([isinstance(p, bytes) for p in parts]))

b2 = bytes(b'ABCDABCD')

parts = b2.partition(b'B')

self.assertEqual(parts, (b'A', b'B', b'CDABCD'))

def test_bytes_rpartition(self):

b2 = bytes(b'ABCDABCD')

parts = b2.rpartition(b'B')

self.assertEqual(parts, (b'ABCDA', b'B', b'CD'))

self.assertTrue(all([isinstance(p, bytes) for p in parts]))

def test_bytes_contains_something(self):

b = bytes(b'ABCD')

self.assertTrue(b'A' in b)

self.assertTrue(65 in b)

self.assertTrue(b'AB' in b)

self.assertTrue(bytes([65, 66]) in b)

self.assertFalse(b'AC' in b)

self.assertFalse(bytes([65, 67]) in b)

self.assertFalse(b'Z' in b)

self.assertFalse(99 in b)

with self.assertRaises(TypeError):

u'A' in b

def test_bytes_index(self):

b = bytes(b'ABCD')

self.assertEqual(b.index(b'B'), 1)

self.assertEqual(b.index(67), 2)

def test_startswith(self):

b = bytes(b'abcd')

self.assertTrue(b.startswith(b'a'))

self.assertTrue(b.startswith((b'a', b'b')))

self.assertTrue(b.startswith(bytes(b'ab')))

self.assertFalse(b.startswith((b'A', b'B')))

with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:

b.startswith(65)

with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:

b.startswith([b'A'])

exc = str(cm.exception)

# self.assertIn('bytes', exc)

# self.assertIn('tuple', exc)

def test_endswith(self):

b = bytes(b'abcd')

self.assertTrue(b.endswith(b'd'))

self.assertTrue(b.endswith((b'c', b'd')))

self.assertTrue(b.endswith(bytes(b'cd')))

self.assertFalse(b.endswith((b'A', b'B')))

with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:

b.endswith(65)

with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:

b.endswith([b'D'])

exc = str(cm.exception)

# self.assertIn('bytes', exc)

# self.assertIn('tuple', exc)

def test_decode(self):

b = bytes(b'abcd')

s = b.decode('utf-8')

self.assertEqual(s, 'abcd')

self.assertTrue(isinstance(s, str))

def test_encode(self):

b = bytes(b'abcd')

with self.assertRaises(AttributeError) as cm:

b.encode('utf-8')

def test_eq(self):

"""

b = bytes(b'ABCD')

self.assertEqual(b, b'ABCD')

self.assertTrue(b == b'ABCD')

self.assertEqual(b'ABCD', b)

self.assertEqual(b, b)

self.assertFalse(b == b'ABC')

self.assertFalse(b == bytes(b'ABC'))

self.assertFalse(b == u'ABCD')

self.assertFalse(b == str('ABCD'))

# Fails:

# self.assertFalse(u'ABCD' == b)

self.assertFalse(str('ABCD') == b)

self.assertFalse(b == list(b))

self.assertFalse(b == str(b))

self.assertFalse(b == u'ABC')

self.assertFalse(bytes(b'Z') == 90)

def test_ne(self):

b = bytes(b'ABCD')

self.assertFalse(b != b)

self.assertFalse(b != b'ABCD')

self.assertTrue(b != b'ABCDEFG')

self.assertTrue(b != bytes(b'ABCDEFG'))

self.assertTrue(b'ABCDEFG' != b)

# self.assertTrue(b'ABCD' != u'ABCD')

self.assertTrue(b != u'ABCD')

self.assertTrue(b != u'ABCDE')

self.assertTrue(bytes(b'') != str(u''))

self.assertTrue(str(u'') != bytes(b''))

self.assertTrue(b != list(b))

self.assertTrue(b != str(b))

def test_hash(self):

d = {}

b = bytes(b'ABCD')

native_b = b'ABCD'

s = str('ABCD')

native_s = u'ABCD'

d[b] = b

d[s] = s

self.assertEqual(len(d), 2)

# This should overwrite d[s] but not d[b]:

d[native_s] = native_s

self.assertEqual(len(d), 2)

# This should overwrite d[native_s] again:

d[s] = s

self.assertEqual(len(d), 2)

self.assertEqual(set(d.keys()), set([s, b]))

@unittest.expectedFailure

def test_hash_with_native_types(self):

# Warning: initializing the dict with native Py2 types throws the

# hashing out:

d = {u'ABCD': u'ABCD', b'ABCD': b'ABCD'}

# On Py2: len(d) == 1

b = bytes(b'ABCD')

s = str('ABCD')

d[s] = s

d[b] = b

# Fails:

self.assertEqual(len(d) > 1)

def test_add(self):

b = bytes(b'ABC')

c = bytes(b'XYZ')

d = b + c

self.assertTrue(isinstance(d, bytes))

self.assertEqual(d, b'ABCXYZ')

f = b + b'abc'

self.assertTrue(isinstance(f, bytes))

self.assertEqual(f, b'ABCabc')

g = b'abc' + b

self.assertTrue(isinstance(g, bytes))

self.assertEqual(g, b'abcABC')

def test_cmp(self):

b = bytes(b'ABC')

with self.assertRaises(TypeError):

b > 3

with self.assertRaises(TypeError):

b > u'XYZ'

with self.assertRaises(TypeError):

b <= 3

with self.assertRaises(TypeError):

b >= int(3)

with self.assertRaises(TypeError):

b < 3.3

with self.assertRaises(TypeError):

b > (3.3 + 3j)

with self.assertRaises(TypeError):

b >= (1, 2)

with self.assertRaises(TypeError):

b <= [1, 2]

def test_mul(self):

b = bytes(b'ABC')

c = b * 4

self.assertTrue(isinstance(c, bytes))

self.assertEqual(c, b'ABCABCABCABC')

d = b * int(4)

self.assertTrue(isinstance(d, bytes))

self.assertEqual(d, b'ABCABCABCABC')

if utils.PY2:

e = b * long(4)

self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, bytes))

self.assertEqual(e, b'ABCABCABCABC')

def test_rmul(self):

b = bytes(b'XYZ')

c = 3 * b

self.assertTrue(isinstance(c, bytes))

self.assertEqual(c, b'XYZXYZXYZ')

d = b * int(3)

self.assertTrue(isinstance(d, bytes))

self.assertEqual(d, b'XYZXYZXYZ')

if utils.PY2:

e = long(3) * b

self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, bytes))

self.assertEqual(e, b'XYZXYZXYZ')

def test_slice(self):

b = bytes(b'ABCD')

c1 = b[:]

self.assertTrue(isinstance(c1, bytes))

self.assertTrue(c1 == b)

# The following is not true, whereas it is true normally on Py2 and

# Py3. Does this matter?:

# self.assertTrue(c1 is b)

c2 = b[10:]

self.assertTrue(isinstance(c2, bytes))

self.assertTrue(c2 == bytes(b''))

self.assertTrue(c2 == b'')

c3 = b[:0]

self.assertTrue(isinstance(c3, bytes))

self.assertTrue(c3 == bytes(b''))

self.assertTrue(c3 == b'')

c4 = b[:1]

self.assertTrue(isinstance(c4, bytes))

self.assertTrue(c4 == bytes(b'A'))

self.assertTrue(c4 == b'A')

c5 = b[:-1]

self.assertTrue(isinstance(c5, bytes))

self.assertTrue(c5 == bytes(b'ABC'))

self.assertTrue(c5 == b'ABC')

def test_bytes_frozenset(self):

_ALWAYS_SAFE = bytes(b'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'

b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'

b'0123456789'

b'_.-') # from Py3.3's urllib.parse

s = frozenset(_ALWAYS_SAFE)

self.assertTrue(65 in s)

self.assertFalse(64 in s)

# Convert back to bytes

b1 = bytes(s)

self.assertTrue(65 in b1)

self.assertEqual(set(b1), set(_ALWAYS_SAFE))

def test_bytes_within_range(self):

"""

b1 = bytes([254, 255])

self.assertEqual(b1, b'\xfe\xff')

with self.assertRaises(ValueError):

b2 = bytes([254, 255, 256])

def test_bytes_hasattr_encode(self):

"""

b = bytes(b'abcd')

self.assertFalse(hasattr(b, 'encode'))

self.assertTrue(hasattr(b, 'decode'))

def test_quote_from_bytes(self):

"""

empty = bytes([])

self.assertEqual(empty, b'')

self.assertTrue(type(empty), bytes)

empty2 = bytes(())

self.assertEqual(empty2, b'')

self.assertTrue(type(empty2), bytes)

safe = bytes(u'Philosopher guy: 孔子. More text here.'.encode('utf-8'))

safe = bytes([c for c in safe if c < 128])

self.assertEqual(safe, b'Philosopher guy: . More text here.')

self.assertTrue(type(safe), bytes)

def test_rstrip(self):

b = bytes(b'abcd')

c = b.rstrip(b'd')

self.assertEqual(c, b'abc')

self.assertEqual(type(c), type(b))

def test_maketrans(self):

"""

transtable = b'\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\t\n\x0b\x0c\r\x0e\x0f\x10\x11\x12\x13\x14\x15\x16\x17\x18\x19\x1a\x1b\x1c\x1d\x1e\x1f !"#$%&\'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~\x7f\x80\x81\x82\x83\x84\x85\x86\x87\x88\x89\x8a\x8b\x8c\x8d\x8e\x8f\x90\x91\x92\x93\x94\x95\x96\x97\x98\x99\x9a\x9b\x9c\x9d\x9e\x9f\xa0\xa1\xa2\xa3\xa4\xa5\xa6\xa7\xa8\xa9\xaa\xab\xac\xad\xae\xaf\xb0\xb1\xb2\xb3\xb4\xb5\xb6\xb7\xb8\xb9\xba\xbb\xbc\xbd\xbe\xbf\xc0\xc1\xc2\xc3\xc4\xc5\xc6\xc7\xc8\xc9\xca\xcb\xcc\xcd\xce\xcf\xd0\xd1\xd2\xd3\xd4\xd5\xd6\xd7\xd8\xd9\xda\xdb\xdc\xdd\xde\xdf\xe0\xe1\xe2\xe3\xe4\xe5\xe6\xe7\xe8\xe9\xea\xeb\xec\xed\xee\xef\xf0\xf1\xf2\xf3\xf4\xf5\xf6\xf7\xf8\xf9\xfa\xfb\xfc\xfd\xfe\xff'

self.assertEqual(bytes.maketrans(b'', b''), transtable)

transtable = b'\000\001\002\003\004\005\006\007\010\011\012\013\014\015\016\017\020\021\022\023\024\025\026\027\030\031\032\033\034\035\036\037 !"#$%&\'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_`xyzdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~\177\200\201\202\203\204\205\206\207\210\211\212\213\214\215\216\217\220\221\222\223\224\225\226\227\230\231\232\233\234\235\236\237\240\241\242\243\244\245\246\247\250\251\252\253\254\255\256\257\260\261\262\263\264\265\266\267\270\271\272\273\274\275\276\277\300\301\302\303\304\305\306\307\310\311\312\313\314\315\316\317\320\321\322\323\324\325\326\327\330\331\332\333\334\335\336\337\340\341\342\343\344\345\346\347\350\351\352\353\354\355\356\357\360\361\362\363\364\365\366\367\370\371\372\373\374\375\376\377'

self.assertEqual(bytes.maketrans(b'abc', b'xyz'), transtable)

transtable = b'\000\001\002\003\004\005\006\007\010\011\012\013\014\015\016\017\020\021\022\023\024\025\026\027\030\031\032\033\034\035\036\037 !"#$%&\'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~\177\200\201\202\203\204\205\206\207\210\211\212\213\214\215\216\217\220\221\222\223\224\225\226\227\230\231\232\233\234\235\236\237\240\241\242\243\244\245\246\247\250\251\252\253\254\255\256\257\260\261\262\263\264\265\266\267\270\271\272\273\274\275\276\277\300\301\302\303\304\305\306\307\310\311\312\313\314\315\316\317\320\321\322\323\324\325\326\327\330\331\332\333\334\335\336\337\340\341\342\343\344\345\346\347\350\351\352\353\354\355\356\357\360\361\362\363\364\365\366\367\370\371\372\373\374xyz'

self.assertEqual(bytes.maketrans(b'\375\376\377', b'xyz'), transtable)

self.assertRaises(ValueError, bytes.maketrans, b'abc', b'xyzq')

self.assertRaises(TypeError, bytes.maketrans, 'abc', 'def')

# def test_mod(self):

# """

# From Py3.5 test suite (post-PEP 461).

#

# The bytes mod code is in _PyBytes_Format() in bytesobject.c in Py3.5.

# """

# b = b'hello, %b!'

# orig = b

# b = b % b'world'

# self.assertEqual(b, b'hello, world!')

# self.assertEqual(orig, b'hello, %b!')

# self.assertFalse(b is orig)

# b = b'%s / 100 = %d%%'

# a = b % (b'seventy-nine', 79)

# self.assertEqual(a, b'seventy-nine / 100 = 79%')

# def test_imod(self):

# """

# From Py3.5 test suite (post-PEP 461)

# """

# # if (3, 0) <= sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 5):

# # raise unittest.SkipTest('bytes % not yet implemented on Py3.0-3.4')

# b = bytes(b'hello, %b!')

# orig = b

# b %= b'world'

# self.assertEqual(b, b'hello, world!')

# self.assertEqual(orig, b'hello, %b!')

# self.assertFalse(b is orig)

# b = bytes(b'%s / 100 = %d%%')

# b %= (b'seventy-nine', 79)

# self.assertEqual(b, b'seventy-nine / 100 = 79%')

# def test_mod_pep_461(self):

# """

# Test for the PEP 461 functionality (resurrection of %s formatting for

# bytes).

# """

# b1 = bytes(b'abc%b')

# b2 = b1 % b'def'

# self.assertEqual(b2, b'abcdef')

# self.assertTrue(isinstance(b2, bytes))

# self.assertEqual(type(b2), bytes)

# b3 = b1 % bytes(b'def')

# self.assertEqual(b3, b'abcdef')

# self.assertTrue(isinstance(b3, bytes))

# self.assertEqual(type(b3), bytes)

#

# # %s is supported for backwards compatibility with Py2's str

# b4 = bytes(b'abc%s')

# b5 = b4 % b'def'

# self.assertEqual(b5, b'abcdef')

# self.assertTrue(isinstance(b5, bytes))

# self.assertEqual(type(b5), bytes)

# b6 = b4 % bytes(b'def')

# self.assertEqual(b6, b'abcdef')

# self.assertTrue(isinstance(b6, bytes))

# self.assertEqual(type(b6), bytes)

#

# self.assertEqual(bytes(b'%c') % 48, b'0')

# self.assertEqual(bytes(b'%c') % b'a', b'a')

#

# # For any numeric code %x, formatting of

# # b"%x" % val

# # is supposed to be equivalent to

# # ("%x" % val).encode("ascii")

# for code in b'xdiouxXeEfFgG':

# bytechar = bytes([code])

# pct_str = u"%" + bytechar.decode('ascii')

# for val in range(300):

# self.assertEqual(bytes(b"%" + bytechar) % val,

# (pct_str % val).encode("ascii"))

#

# with self.assertRaises(TypeError):

# bytes(b'%b') % 3.14

# # Traceback (most recent call last):

# # ...

# # TypeError: b'%b' does not accept 'float'

#

# with self.assertRaises(TypeError):

# bytes(b'%b') % 'hello world!'

# # Traceback (most recent call last):

# # ...

# # TypeError: b'%b' does not accept 'str'

#

# self.assertEqual(bytes(b'%a') % 3.14, b'3.14')

#

# self.assertEqual(bytes(b'%a') % b'abc', b"b'abc'")

# self.assertEqual(bytes(b'%a') % bytes(b'abc'), b"b'abc'")

#

# self.assertEqual(bytes(b'%a') % 'def', b"'def'")

#

# # PEP 461 was updated after an Py3.5 alpha release to specify that %r is now supported

# # for compatibility: http://legacy.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0461/#id16

# assert bytes(b'%r' % b'abc') == bytes(b'%a' % b'abc')

#

# # with self.assertRaises(TypeError):

# # bytes(b'%r' % 'abc')

@expectedFailurePY2

def test_multiple_inheritance(self):

"""

import collections

class Base(bytes):

pass

class Foo(Base, collections.Container):

def __contains__(self, item):

return False

@expectedFailurePY2

def test_with_metaclass_and_bytes(self):

"""

from future.utils import with_metaclass

class MetaClass(type):

pass

class TestClass(with_metaclass(MetaClass, bytes)):

pass

def test_surrogateescape_decoding(self):

"""

pairs = [(u'\udcc3', b'\xc3'),

(u'\udcff', b'\xff')]

for (s, b) in pairs:

decoded = bytes(b).decode('utf-8', 'surrogateescape')

self.assertEqual(s, decoded)

self.assertTrue(isinstance(decoded, str))

self.assertEqual(b, decoded.encode('utf-8', 'surrogateescape'))

def test_issue_171_part_a(self):

b1 = str(u'abc \u0123 do re mi').encode(u'utf_8')

b2 = bytes(u'abc \u0123 do re mi', u'utf_8')

b3 = bytes(str(u'abc \u0123 do re mi'), u'utf_8')

@expectedFailurePY2

def test_issue_171_part_b(self):

"""

nativebytes = type(b'')

nativestr = type('')

b = nativebytes(bytes(b'asdf'))

self.assertEqual(b, b'asdf')

def test_cast_to_bytes(self):

"""

class TestObject:

def __bytes__(self):

return b'asdf'

self.assertEqual(bytes(TestObject()), b'asdf')

def test_cast_to_bytes_iter_precedence(self):

"""

class TestObject:

def __bytes__(self):

return b'asdf'

def __iter__(self):

return iter(b'hjkl')