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<section id="interactive-figures">
<span id="mpl-shell"></span><h1>Interactive figures<a class="headerlink" href="#interactive-figures" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h1>
<p>When working with data, interactivity can be invaluable. The pan/zoom and
mouse-location tools built into the Matplotlib GUI windows are often sufficient, but
you can also use the event system to build customized data exploration tools.</p>
<p>Matplotlib ships with <a class="reference internal" href="backends.html#what-is-a-backend"><span class="std std-ref">backends</span></a> binding to
several GUI toolkits (Qt, Tk, Wx, GTK, macOS, JavaScript) and third party
packages provide bindings to <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/kivy-garden/garden.matplotlib">kivy</a> and <a class="reference external" href="https://matplotlib.org/ipympl">Jupyter Lab</a>. For the figures to be responsive to
mouse, keyboard, and paint events, the GUI event loop needs to be integrated
with an interactive prompt. We recommend using IPython (see <a class="reference internal" href="#ipython-pylab"><span class="std std-ref">below</span></a>).</p>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/pyplot_summary.html#module-matplotlib.pyplot" title="matplotlib.pyplot"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyplot</span></code></a> module provides functions for explicitly creating figures
that include interactive tools, a toolbar, a tool-tip, and
<a class="reference internal" href="#key-event-handling"><span class="std std-ref">key bindings</span></a>:</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.figure.html#matplotlib.pyplot.figure" title="matplotlib.pyplot.figure"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyplot.figure</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>Creates a new empty <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/figure_api.html#matplotlib.figure.Figure" title="matplotlib.figure.Figure"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Figure</span></code></a> or selects an existing figure</p>
</dd>
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyplot.subplots</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>Creates a new <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/figure_api.html#matplotlib.figure.Figure" title="matplotlib.figure.Figure"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Figure</span></code></a> and fills it with a grid of <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/axes_api.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes" title="matplotlib.axes.Axes"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Axes</span></code></a></p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/pyplot_summary.html#module-matplotlib.pyplot" title="matplotlib.pyplot"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyplot</span></code></a> has a notion of "The Current Figure" which can be accessed
through <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.gcf.html#matplotlib.pyplot.gcf" title="matplotlib.pyplot.gcf"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyplot.gcf</span></code></a> and a notion of "The Current Axes" accessed
through <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.gca.html#matplotlib.pyplot.gca" title="matplotlib.pyplot.gca"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyplot.gca</span></code></a>. Almost all of the functions in <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/pyplot_summary.html#module-matplotlib.pyplot" title="matplotlib.pyplot"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyplot</span></code></a> pass
through the current <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/figure_api.html#matplotlib.figure.Figure" title="matplotlib.figure.Figure"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Figure</span></code></a> / <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/axes_api.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes" title="matplotlib.axes.Axes"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Axes</span></code></a> (or create one) as
appropriate.</p>
<p>Matplotlib keeps a reference to all of the open figures
created via <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.figure.html#matplotlib.pyplot.figure" title="matplotlib.pyplot.figure"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyplot.figure</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyplot.subplots</span></code></a> so that the figures will not be garbage
collected. <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/figure_api.html#matplotlib.figure.Figure" title="matplotlib.figure.Figure"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Figure</span></code></a>s can be closed and deregistered from <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/pyplot_summary.html#module-matplotlib.pyplot" title="matplotlib.pyplot"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyplot</span></code></a> individually via
<a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.close.html#matplotlib.pyplot.close" title="matplotlib.pyplot.close"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyplot.close</span></code></a>; all open <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/figure_api.html#matplotlib.figure.Figure" title="matplotlib.figure.Figure"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Figure</span></code></a>s can be closed via <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">plt.close('all')</span></code>.</p>
<p>For more discussion of Matplotlib's event system and integrated event loops, please read:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><ul class="simple">
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="interactive_guide.html#interactive-figures-and-eventloops"><span class="std std-ref">Interactive figures and asynchronous programming</span></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="event_handling.html#event-handling-tutorial"><span class="std std-ref">Event handling and picking</span></a></p></li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
<section id="ipython-integration">
<span id="ipython-pylab"></span><h2>IPython integration<a class="headerlink" href="#ipython-integration" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>We recommend using IPython for an interactive shell. In addition to
all of its features (improved tab-completion, magics, multiline editing, etc),
it also ensures that the GUI toolkit event loop is properly integrated
with the command line (see <a class="reference internal" href="interactive_guide.html#cp-integration"><span class="std std-ref">Command prompt integration</span></a>).</p>
<p>In this example, we create and modify a figure via an IPython prompt.
The figure displays in a QtAgg GUI window. To configure the integration
and enable <a class="reference internal" href="#controlling-interactive"><span class="std std-ref">interactive mode</span></a> use the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%matplotlib</span></code> magic:</p>
<div class="highlight-ipython notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [1]: </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="k">matplotlib</span>
<span class="go">Using matplotlib backend: QtAgg</span>
<span class="gp">In [2]: </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.pyplot</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">plt</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Create a new figure window:</p>
<div class="highlight-ipython notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [3]: </span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Add a line plot of the data to the window:</p>
<div class="highlight-ipython notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [4]: </span><span class="n">ln</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Change the color of the line from blue to orange:</p>
<div class="highlight-ipython notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [5]: </span><span class="n">ln</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_color</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'orange'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you wish to disable automatic redrawing of the plot:</p>
<div class="highlight-ipython notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [6]: </span><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ioff</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you wish to re-enable automatic redrawing of the plot:</p>
<div class="highlight-ipython notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [7]: </span><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ion</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>In recent versions of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Matplotlib</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPython</span></code>, it is
sufficient to import <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/pyplot_summary.html#module-matplotlib.pyplot" title="matplotlib.pyplot"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">matplotlib.pyplot</span></code></a> and call <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.ion.html#matplotlib.pyplot.ion" title="matplotlib.pyplot.ion"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyplot.ion</span></code></a>.
Using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%</span></code> magic is guaranteed to work in all versions of Matplotlib and IPython.</p>
</section>
<section id="interactive-mode">
<span id="controlling-interactive"></span><h2>Interactive mode<a class="headerlink" href="#interactive-mode" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<table class="autosummary longtable table autosummary">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.ion.html#matplotlib.pyplot.ion" title="matplotlib.pyplot.ion"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyplot.ion</span></code></a></p></td>
<td><p>Enable interactive mode.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.ioff.html#matplotlib.pyplot.ioff" title="matplotlib.pyplot.ioff"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyplot.ioff</span></code></a></p></td>
<td><p>Disable interactive mode.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.isinteractive.html#matplotlib.pyplot.isinteractive" title="matplotlib.pyplot.isinteractive"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyplot.isinteractive</span></code></a></p></td>
<td><p>Return whether plots are updated after every plotting command.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="autosummary longtable table autosummary">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="matplotlib.pyplot.show"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyplot.show</span></code></a></p></td>
<td><p>Display all open figures.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.pause.html#matplotlib.pyplot.pause" title="matplotlib.pyplot.pause"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyplot.pause</span></code></a></p></td>
<td><p>Run the GUI event loop for <em>interval</em> seconds.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Interactive mode controls:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>whether created figures are automatically shown</p></li>
<li><p>whether changes to artists automatically trigger re-drawing existing figures</p></li>
<li><p>when <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="matplotlib.pyplot.show"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyplot.show()</span></code></a> returns if given no arguments: immediately, or after all of the figures have been closed</p></li>
</ul>
<p>If in interactive mode:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>newly created figures will be displayed immediately</p></li>
<li><p>figures will automatically redraw when elements are changed</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="matplotlib.pyplot.show"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyplot.show()</span></code></a> displays the figures and immediately returns</p></li>
</ul>
<p>If not in interactive mode:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>newly created figures and changes to figures are not displayed until</p>
<ul>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="matplotlib.pyplot.show"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyplot.show()</span></code></a> is called</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.pause.html#matplotlib.pyplot.pause" title="matplotlib.pyplot.pause"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyplot.pause()</span></code></a> is called</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/backend_bases_api.html#matplotlib.backend_bases.FigureCanvasBase.flush_events" title="matplotlib.backend_bases.FigureCanvasBase.flush_events"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FigureCanvasBase.flush_events()</span></code></a> is called</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="matplotlib.pyplot.show"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyplot.show()</span></code></a> runs the GUI event loop and does not return until all the plot windows are closed</p></li>
</ul>
<p>If you are in non-interactive mode (or created figures while in
non-interactive mode) you may need to explicitly call <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="matplotlib.pyplot.show"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyplot.show</span></code></a>
to display the windows on your screen. If you only want to run the
GUI event loop for a fixed amount of time, you can use <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.pause.html#matplotlib.pyplot.pause" title="matplotlib.pyplot.pause"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyplot.pause</span></code></a>.
This will block the progress of your code as if you had called
<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/time.html#time.sleep" title="(in Python v3.11)"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.sleep</span></code></a>, ensure the current window is shown and re-drawn if needed,
and run the GUI event loop for the specified period of time.</p>
<p>The GUI event loop being integrated with your command prompt and
the figures being in interactive mode are independent of each other.
If you use <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.ion.html#matplotlib.pyplot.ion" title="matplotlib.pyplot.ion"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyplot.ion</span></code></a> but have not arranged for the event loop integration,
your figures will appear but will not be interactive while the prompt is waiting for input.
You will not be able to pan/zoom and the figure may not even render
(the window might appear black, transparent, or as a snapshot of the
desktop under it). Conversely, if you configure the event loop
integration, displayed figures will be responsive while waiting for input
at the prompt, regardless of pyplot's "interactive mode".</p>
<p>No matter what combination of interactive mode setting and event loop integration,
figures will be responsive if you use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyplot.show(block=True)</span></code>, <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.pause.html#matplotlib.pyplot.pause" title="matplotlib.pyplot.pause"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyplot.pause</span></code></a>, or run
the GUI main loop in some other way.</p>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p>Using <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/figure_api.html#matplotlib.figure.Figure.show" title="matplotlib.figure.Figure.show"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Figure.show</span></code></a> it is possible to display a figure on
the screen without starting the event loop and without being in
interactive mode. This may work (depending on the GUI toolkit) but
will likely result in a non-responsive figure.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="default-ui">
<span id="navigation-toolbar"></span><h2>Default UI<a class="headerlink" href="#default-ui" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>The windows created by <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/pyplot_summary.html#module-matplotlib.pyplot" title="matplotlib.pyplot"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyplot</span></code></a> have an interactive toolbar with navigation
buttons and a readout of the data values the cursor is pointing at. A number of
helpful keybindings are registered by default.</p>
<section id="navigation-keyboard-shortcuts">
<span id="key-event-handling"></span><h3>Navigation keyboard shortcuts<a class="headerlink" href="#navigation-keyboard-shortcuts" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3>
<p>The following table holds all the default keys, which can be
overwritten by use of your <a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/introductory/customizing.html"><span class="doc">matplotlibrc</span></a>.</p>
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Command</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Default key binding and rcParam</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Home/Reset</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/introductory/customizing.html?highlight=keymap.home#matplotlibrc-sample"><span class="std std-ref"><span class="pre">rcParams["keymap.home"]</span></span></a></code> (default: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">['h',</span> <span class="pre">'r',</span> <span class="pre">'home']</span></code>)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Back</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/introductory/customizing.html?highlight=keymap.back#matplotlibrc-sample"><span class="std std-ref"><span class="pre">rcParams["keymap.back"]</span></span></a></code> (default: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">['left',</span> <span class="pre">'c',</span> <span class="pre">'backspace',</span> <span class="pre">'MouseButton.BACK']</span></code>)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Forward</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/introductory/customizing.html?highlight=keymap.forward#matplotlibrc-sample"><span class="std std-ref"><span class="pre">rcParams["keymap.forward"]</span></span></a></code> (default: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">['right',</span> <span class="pre">'v',</span> <span class="pre">'MouseButton.FORWARD']</span></code>)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Pan/Zoom</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/introductory/customizing.html?highlight=keymap.pan#matplotlibrc-sample"><span class="std std-ref"><span class="pre">rcParams["keymap.pan"]</span></span></a></code> (default: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">['p']</span></code>)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Zoom-to-rect</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/introductory/customizing.html?highlight=keymap.zoom#matplotlibrc-sample"><span class="std std-ref"><span class="pre">rcParams["keymap.zoom"]</span></span></a></code> (default: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">['o']</span></code>)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Save</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/introductory/customizing.html?highlight=keymap.save#matplotlibrc-sample"><span class="std std-ref"><span class="pre">rcParams["keymap.save"]</span></span></a></code> (default: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">['s',</span> <span class="pre">'ctrl+s']</span></code>)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Toggle fullscreen</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/introductory/customizing.html?highlight=keymap.fullscreen#matplotlibrc-sample"><span class="std std-ref"><span class="pre">rcParams["keymap.fullscreen"]</span></span></a></code> (default: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">['f',</span> <span class="pre">'ctrl+f']</span></code>)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Toggle major grids</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/introductory/customizing.html?highlight=keymap.grid#matplotlibrc-sample"><span class="std std-ref"><span class="pre">rcParams["keymap.grid"]</span></span></a></code> (default: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">['g']</span></code>)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Toggle minor grids</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/introductory/customizing.html?highlight=keymap.grid_minor#matplotlibrc-sample"><span class="std std-ref"><span class="pre">rcParams["keymap.grid_minor"]</span></span></a></code> (default: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">['G']</span></code>)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Toggle x axis scale (log/linear)</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/introductory/customizing.html?highlight=keymap.xscale#matplotlibrc-sample"><span class="std std-ref"><span class="pre">rcParams["keymap.xscale"]</span></span></a></code> (default: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">['k',</span> <span class="pre">'L']</span></code>)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Toggle y axis scale (log/linear)</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/introductory/customizing.html?highlight=keymap.yscale#matplotlibrc-sample"><span class="std std-ref"><span class="pre">rcParams["keymap.yscale"]</span></span></a></code> (default: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">['l']</span></code>)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Close Figure</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/introductory/customizing.html?highlight=keymap.quit#matplotlibrc-sample"><span class="std std-ref"><span class="pre">rcParams["keymap.quit"]</span></span></a></code> (default: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">['ctrl+w',</span> <span class="pre">'cmd+w',</span> <span class="pre">'q']</span></code>)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Constrain pan/zoom to x axis</p></td>
<td><p>hold <strong>x</strong> when panning/zooming with mouse</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Constrain pan/zoom to y axis</p></td>
<td><p>hold <strong>y</strong> when panning/zooming with mouse</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Preserve aspect ratio</p></td>
<td><p>hold <strong>CONTROL</strong> when panning/zooming with mouse</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
</section>
<section id="other-python-prompts">
<span id="other-shells"></span><h2>Other Python prompts<a class="headerlink" href="#other-python-prompts" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>Interactive mode works in the default Python prompt:</p>
<div class="highlight-pycon notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.pyplot</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">plt</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ion</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="go">>>></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>however this does not ensure that the event hook is properly installed
and your figures may not be responsive. Please consult the
documentation of your GUI toolkit for details.</p>
<section id="jupyter-notebooks-jupyterlab">
<h3>Jupyter Notebooks / JupyterLab<a class="headerlink" href="#jupyter-notebooks-jupyterlab" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>To get the interactive functionality described here, you must be
using an interactive backend. The default backend in notebooks,
the inline backend, is not. <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">backend_inline</span></code>
renders the figure once and inserts a static image into the
notebook when the cell is executed. Because the images are static, they
can not be panned / zoomed, take user input, or be updated from other
cells.</p>
</div>
<p>To get interactive figures in the 'classic' notebook or Jupyter lab,
use the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/matplotlib/ipympl">ipympl</a> backend
(must be installed separately) which uses the <strong>ipywidget</strong> framework.
If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ipympl</span></code> is installed use the magic:</p>
<div class="highlight-ipython notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">%</span><span class="k">matplotlib</span> widget
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>to select and enable it.</p>
<p>If you only need to use the classic notebook, you can use</p>
<div class="highlight-ipython notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">%</span><span class="k">matplotlib</span> notebook
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>which uses the <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/backend_nbagg_api.html#module-matplotlib.backends.backend_nbagg" title="matplotlib.backends.backend_nbagg"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">backend_nbagg</span></code></a> backend provided by Matplotlib;
however, nbagg does not work in Jupyter Lab.</p>
<section id="guis-jupyter">
<h4>GUIs + Jupyter<a class="headerlink" href="#guis-jupyter" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h4>
<p>You can also use one of the non-<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ipympl</span></code> GUI backends in a Jupyter Notebook.
If you are running your Jupyter kernel locally, the GUI window will spawn on
your desktop adjacent to your web browser. If you run your notebook on a remote server,
the kernel will try to open the GUI window on the remote computer. Unless you have
arranged to forward the xserver back to your desktop, you will not be able to
see or interact with the window. It may also raise an exception.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="pycharm-spyder-and-vscode">
<h3>PyCharm, Spyder, and VSCode<a class="headerlink" href="#pycharm-spyder-and-vscode" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3>
<p>Many IDEs have built-in integration with Matplotlib, please consult their
documentation for configuration details.</p>
</section>
</section>
</section>
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