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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<head>

<title>Text rendering with LaTeX — Matplotlib 3.5.0 documentation</title>

href="../../_static/vendor/fontawesome/5.13.0/css/all.min.css">

href="../../_static/vendor/fontawesome/5.13.0/webfonts/fa-solid-900.woff2">

href="../../_static/vendor/fontawesome/5.13.0/webfonts/fa-brands-400.woff2">

title="Search within Matplotlib 3.5.0 documentation"

href="../../_static/opensearch.xml"/>

</head>

</a>

</div>

</button>

<a class="reference internal nav-link" href="../../plot_types/index.html">Plot types</a>

</li>

<a class="reference internal nav-link" href="../../gallery/index.html">Examples</a>

</li>

<a class="reference internal nav-link" href="../index.html">Tutorials</a>

</li>

<a class="reference internal nav-link" href="../../api/index.html">Reference</a>

</li>

<a class="reference internal nav-link" href="../../users/index.html">Usage guide</a>

</li>

<a class="reference internal nav-link" href="../../devel/index.html">Develop</a>

</li>

<a class="reference internal nav-link" href="../../users/release_notes.html">Release notes</a>

</li>

</ul>

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<label class="sr-only">gitter</label>

</a>

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<label class="sr-only">discourse</label>

</a>

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<label class="sr-only">GitHub</label>

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<label class="sr-only">twitter</label>

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</ul>

</div>

</nav>

</form><nav class="bd-links" id="bd-docs-nav" aria-label="Main navigation">

Usage Guide

</a>

</li>

</ul>

Pyplot tutorial

</a>

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</ul>

Image tutorial

</a>

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</ul>

The Lifecycle of a Plot

</a>

</li>

</ul>

Customizing Matplotlib with style sheets and rcParams

</a>

</li>

</ul>

Artist tutorial

</a>

</li>

</ul>

Legend guide

</a>

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</ul>

Styling with cycler

</a>

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</ul>

Customizing Figure Layouts Using GridSpec and Other Functions

</a>

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Constrained Layout Guide

</a>

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</ul>

Tight Layout guide

</a>

</li>

</ul>

Autoscaling

</a>

</li>

</ul>

<em>

origin

</em>

and

<em>

extent

</em>

imshow

</span>

</code>

</a>

</li>

</ul>

Faster rendering by using blitting

</a>

</li>

</ul>

Path Tutorial

</a>

</li>

</ul>

Path effects guide

</a>

</li>

</ul>

Transformations Tutorial

</a>

</li>

</ul>

Specifying Colors

</a>

</li>

</ul>

Customized Colorbars Tutorial

</a>

</li>

</ul>

Creating Colormaps in Matplotlib

</a>

</li>

</ul>

Colormap Normalization

</a>

</li>

</ul>

Choosing Colormaps in Matplotlib

</a>

</li>

</ul>

Complex and semantic figure composition

</a>

</li>

</ul>

Text in Matplotlib Plots

</a>

</li>

</ul>

Text properties and layout

</a>

</li>

</ul>

Annotations

</a>

</li>

</ul>

Writing mathematical expressions

</a>

</li>

</ul>

Typesetting with XeLaTeX/LuaLaTeX

</a>

</li>

</ul>

Text rendering with LaTeX

</a>

</li>

</ul>

Overview of

mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1

</span>

</code>

</a>

</li>

</ul>

Overview of axisartist toolkit

</a>

</li>

</ul>

The mplot3d Toolkit

</a>

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</ul>

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<i class="fas fa-list"></i> On this page

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PostScript options

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Possible hangups

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Troubleshooting

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</div>

</div>

<div>

<p>Click <a class="reference internal" href="#sphx-glr-download-tutorials-text-usetex-py"><span class="std std-ref">here</span></a>

to download the full example code</p>

</div>

<span id="sphx-glr-tutorials-text-usetex-py"></span><h1>Text rendering with LaTeX<a class="headerlink" href="#text-rendering-with-latex" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>

<p>Matplotlib can use LaTeX to render text. This is activated by setting

<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">text.usetex</span> <span class="pre">:</span> <span class="pre">True</span></code> in your rcParams, or by setting the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">usetex</span></code> property

to True on individual <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/text_api.html#matplotlib.text.Text" title="matplotlib.text.Text"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Text</span></code></a> objects. Text handling through LaTeX is slower

than Matplotlib's very capable <a class="reference internal" href="mathtext.html"><span class="doc">mathtext</span></a>, but

is more flexible, since different LaTeX packages (font packages, math packages,

etc.) can be used. The results can be striking, especially when you take care

to use the same fonts in your figures as in the main document.</p>

<p>Matplotlib's LaTeX support requires a working <a class="reference external" href="http://www.tug.org">LaTeX</a> installation. For

the *Agg backends, <a class="reference external" href="http://www.nongnu.org/dvipng/">dvipng</a> is additionally required; for the PS backend,

<a class="reference external" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/psfrag">PSfrag</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/dvips.html">dvips</a> and <a class="reference external" href="https://ghostscript.com/">Ghostscript</a> are additionally required. For the PDF

and SVG backends, if LuaTeX is present, it will be used to speed up some

post-processing steps, but note that it is not used to parse the TeX string

itself (only LaTeX is supported). The executables for these external

dependencies must all be located on your <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../../users/faq/environment_variables_faq.html#envvar-PATH"><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PATH</span></code></a>.</p>

<p>There are a couple of options to mention, which can be changed using

<a class="reference internal" href="../introductory/customizing.html"><span class="doc">rc settings</span></a>. Here is an example

matplotlibrc file:</p>

<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">font</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">family</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">serif</span>

<span class="n">font</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">serif</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Times</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Palatino</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">New</span> <span class="n">Century</span> <span class="n">Schoolbook</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Bookman</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Computer</span> <span class="n">Modern</span> <span class="n">Roman</span>

<span class="n">font</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sans</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">serif</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Helvetica</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Avant</span> <span class="n">Garde</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Computer</span> <span class="n">Modern</span> <span class="n">Sans</span> <span class="n">Serif</span>

<span class="n">font</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursive</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Zapf</span> <span class="n">Chancery</span>

<span class="n">font</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">monospace</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Courier</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Computer</span> <span class="n">Modern</span> <span class="n">Typewriter</span>

<span class="n">text</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">usetex</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">true</span>

</pre></div>

</div>

<p>The first valid font in each family is the one that will be loaded. If the

fonts are not specified, the Computer Modern fonts are used by default. All of

the other fonts are Adobe fonts. Times and Palatino each have their own

accompanying math fonts, while the other Adobe serif fonts make use of the

Computer Modern math fonts. See the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/psnfss/psnfss2e.pdf">PSNFSS</a> documentation for more details.</p>

<p>To use LaTeX and select Helvetica as the default font, without editing

matplotlibrc use:</p>

<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.pyplot</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">plt</span>

<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rcParams</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update</span><span class="p">({</span>

<span class="s2">"text.usetex"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>

<span class="s2">"font.family"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"sans-serif"</span><span class="p">,</span>

<span class="s2">"font.sans-serif"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"Helvetica"</span><span class="p">]})</span>

<span class="c1"># for Palatino and other serif fonts use:</span>

<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rcParams</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update</span><span class="p">({</span>

<span class="s2">"text.usetex"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>

<span class="s2">"font.family"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"serif"</span><span class="p">,</span>

<span class="s2">"font.serif"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"Palatino"</span><span class="p">],</span>

<span class="c1"># It's also possible to use the reduced notation by directly setting font.family:</span>

<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rcParams</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update</span><span class="p">({</span>

<span class="s2">"text.usetex"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>

<span class="s2">"font.family"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"Helvetica"</span>

</pre></div>

</div>

<p>Currently, the supported fonts are:</p>

</colgroup>

<thead>

<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>family</p></th>

<th class="head"><p>fonts</p></th>

</tr>

</thead>

<tbody>

<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'serif'</span></code></p></td>

<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'New</span> <span class="pre">Century</span> <span class="pre">Schoolbook'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'Bookman'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'Times'</span></code>,

<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'Palatino'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'Charter'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'Computer</span> <span class="pre">Modern</span> <span class="pre">Roman'</span></code></p></td>

</tr>

<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'sans-serif'</span></code></p></td>

<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'Helvetica'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'Avant</span> <span class="pre">Garde'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'Computer</span> <span class="pre">Modern</span>

<span class="pre">Serif'</span></code></p></td>

</tr>

<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'cursive'</span></code></p></td>

<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'Zapf</span> <span class="pre">Chancery'</span></code></p></td>

</tr>

<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'monospace'</span></code></p></td>

<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'Courier'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'Computer</span> <span class="pre">Modern</span> <span class="pre">Typewriter'</span></code></p></td>

</tr>

</tbody>

</table>

<p>Here is the standard example,

<a class="reference internal" href="../../gallery/text_labels_and_annotations/tex_demo.html"><span class="doc">Rendering math equations using TeX</span></a>:</p>

</figure>

<p>Note that display math mode (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$$</span> <span class="pre">e=mc^2</span> <span class="pre">$$</span></code>) is not supported, but adding the

command <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\displaystyle</span></code>, as in the above demo, will produce the same results.</p>

<p>Non-ASCII characters (e.g. the degree sign in the y-label above) are supported

to the extent that they are supported by <a class="reference external" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/inputenc">inputenc</a>.</p>

<p>Certain characters require special escaping in TeX, such as:</p>

</pre></div>

</div>

<p>Therefore, these characters will behave differently depending on

<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><a class="reference external" href="../../tutorials/introductory/customizing.html?highlight=text.usetex#a-sample-matplotlibrc-file"><span class="pre">rcParams["text.usetex"]</span></a></code> (default: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>).</p>

</div>

<h2>PostScript options<a class="headerlink" href="#postscript-options" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>

<p>In order to produce encapsulated PostScript (EPS) files that can be embedded

in a new LaTeX document, the default behavior of Matplotlib is to distill the

output, which removes some PostScript operators used by LaTeX that are illegal

in an EPS file. This step produces results which may be unacceptable to some

users, because the text is coarsely rasterized and converted to bitmaps, which

are not scalable like standard PostScript, and the text is not searchable. One

workaround is to set <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><a class="reference external" href="../../tutorials/introductory/customizing.html?highlight=ps.distiller.res#a-sample-matplotlibrc-file"><span class="pre">rcParams["ps.distiller.res"]</span></a></code> (default: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">6000</span></code>) to a higher value (perhaps 6000)

in your rc settings, which will produce larger files but may look better and

scale reasonably. A better workaround, which requires <a class="reference external" href="https://poppler.freedesktop.org/">Poppler</a> or <a class="reference external" href="http://www.xpdfreader.com/">Xpdf</a>, can

be activated by changing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><a class="reference external" href="../../tutorials/introductory/customizing.html?highlight=ps.usedistiller#a-sample-matplotlibrc-file"><span class="pre">rcParams["ps.usedistiller"]</span></a></code> (default: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>) to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xpdf</span></code>. This alternative

produces PostScript without rasterizing text, so it scales properly, can be

edited in Adobe Illustrator, and searched text in pdf documents.</p>

</section>

<span id="usetex-hangups"></span><h2>Possible hangups<a class="headerlink" href="#possible-hangups" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>

<li><p>On Windows, the <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../../users/faq/environment_variables_faq.html#envvar-PATH"><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PATH</span></code></a> environment variable may need to be modified

to include the directories containing the latex, dvipng and ghostscript

executables. See <a class="reference internal" href="../../users/faq/environment_variables_faq.html#environment-variables"><span class="std std-ref">Environment variables</span></a> and

<a class="reference internal" href="../../users/faq/environment_variables_faq.html#setting-windows-environment-variables"><span class="std std-ref">Setting environment variables in Windows</span></a> for details.</p></li>

<li><p>Using MiKTeX with Computer Modern fonts, if you get odd *Agg and PNG

results, go to MiKTeX/Options and update your format files</p></li>

<li><p>On Ubuntu and Gentoo, the base texlive install does not ship with

the type1cm package. You may need to install some of the extra

packages to get all the goodies that come bundled with other LaTeX

distributions.</p></li>

<li><p>Some progress has been made so Matplotlib uses the dvi files

directly for text layout. This allows LaTeX to be used for text

layout with the pdf and svg backends, as well as the *Agg and PS

backends. In the future, a LaTeX installation may be the only

external dependency.</p></li>

</ul>

</section>

<span id="usetex-troubleshooting"></span><h2>Troubleshooting<a class="headerlink" href="#troubleshooting" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>

<li><p>Try deleting your <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.matplotlib/tex.cache</span></code> directory. If you don't know

where to find <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.matplotlib</span></code>, see <a class="reference internal" href="../../users/faq/troubleshooting_faq.html#locating-matplotlib-config-dir"><span class="std std-ref">matplotlib configuration and cache directory locations</span></a>.</p></li>

<li><p>Make sure LaTeX, dvipng and ghostscript are each working and on your

<li><p>Make sure what you are trying to do is possible in a LaTeX document,

that your LaTeX syntax is valid and that you are using raw strings

if necessary to avoid unintended escape sequences.</p></li>

<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><a class="reference external" href="../../tutorials/introductory/customizing.html?highlight=text.latex.preamble#a-sample-matplotlibrc-file"><span class="pre">rcParams["text.latex.preamble"]</span></a></code> (default: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">''</span></code>) is not officially supported. This

option provides lots of flexibility, and lots of ways to cause

problems. Please disable this option before reporting problems to

the mailing list.</p></li>

<li><p>If you still need help, please see <a class="reference internal" href="../../users/faq/troubleshooting_faq.html#reporting-problems"><span class="std std-ref">Getting help</span></a>.</p></li>

</ul>

<p><a class="reference download internal" download="" href="../../_downloads/0d107edc8c3e240a5bc4f7486b23afc1/usetex.py"><code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Download</span> <span class="pre">Python</span> <span class="pre">source</span> <span class="pre">code:</span> <span class="pre">usetex.py</span></code></a></p>

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