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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<head>

<title>matplotlib.animation — Matplotlib 3.4.3 documentation</title>

title="Search within Matplotlib 3.4.3 documentation"

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<div id="unreleased-message"> You are reading an old version of the documentation (v3.4.3). For the latest version see <a href="https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/animation_api.html">https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/animation_api.html</a></div>

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<li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""><code class="docutils literal notranslate">matplotlib.animation</code></a></li>

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<h3><a href="../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>

<ul>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="docutils literal notranslate">matplotlib.animation</code></a><ul>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#animation">Animation</a><ul>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#funcanimation"><code class="docutils literal notranslate">FuncAnimation</code></a><ul>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples">Examples</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#artistanimation"><code class="docutils literal notranslate">ArtistAnimation</code></a><ul>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id1">Examples</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

</ul>

</li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#writer-classes">Writer Classes</a><ul>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id2">Examples</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#helper-classes">Helper Classes</a><ul>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#animation-base-classes">Animation Base Classes</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#writer-registry">Writer Registry</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#writer-base-classes">Writer Base Classes</a><ul>

</ul>

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<h1><code class="docutils literal notranslate">matplotlib.animation</code><a class="headerlink" href="#module-matplotlib.animation" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>

Table of Contents

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#animation" id="id3">Animation</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#writer-classes" id="id4">Writer Classes</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#helper-classes" id="id5">Helper Classes</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#inheritance-diagrams" id="id6">Inheritance Diagrams</a></li>

</ul>

</div>

<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Animation</a><a class="headerlink" href="#animation" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>

The easiest way to make a live animation in matplotlib is to use one of the

<a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.Animation.html#matplotlib.animation.Animation" title="matplotlib.animation.Animation"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">Animation</code></a> classes.

</colgroup>

<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.Animation.html#matplotlib.animation.Animation" title="matplotlib.animation.Animation"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">Animation</code></a></td>

<td>A base class for Animations.</td>

</tr>

<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.FuncAnimation.html#matplotlib.animation.FuncAnimation" title="matplotlib.animation.FuncAnimation"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">FuncAnimation</code></a></td>

<td>Makes an animation by repeatedly calling a function func.</td>

</tr>

<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.ArtistAnimation.html#matplotlib.animation.ArtistAnimation" title="matplotlib.animation.ArtistAnimation"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">ArtistAnimation</code></a></td>

<td>Animation using a fixed set of <a class="reference internal" href="artist_api.html#matplotlib.artist.Artist" title="matplotlib.artist.Artist"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">Artist</code></a> objects.</td>

</tr>

</tbody>

</table>

In both cases it is critical to keep a reference to the instance

object. The animation is advanced by a timer (typically from the host

GUI framework) which the <a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.Animation.html#matplotlib.animation.Animation" title="matplotlib.animation.Animation"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">Animation</code></a> object holds the only reference

to. If you do not hold a reference to the <a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.Animation.html#matplotlib.animation.Animation" title="matplotlib.animation.Animation"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">Animation</code></a> object, it (and

hence the timers), will be garbage collected which will stop the

animation.

To save an animation to disk use <a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.Animation.html#matplotlib.animation.Animation.save" title="matplotlib.animation.Animation.save"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">Animation.save</code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.Animation.html#matplotlib.animation.Animation.to_html5_video" title="matplotlib.animation.Animation.to_html5_video"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">Animation.to_html5_video</code></a>

See <a class="reference internal" href="#ani-writer-classes">Helper Classes</a> below for details about what movie formats are

supported.

<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate">FuncAnimation</code><a class="headerlink" href="#funcanimation" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>

The inner workings of <a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.FuncAnimation.html#matplotlib.animation.FuncAnimation" title="matplotlib.animation.FuncAnimation"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">FuncAnimation</code></a> is more-or-less:

<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>for d in frames:

artists = func(d, *fargs)

fig.canvas.draw_idle()

fig.canvas.start_event_loop(interval)

</pre></div>

</div>

with details to handle 'blitting' (to dramatically improve the live

performance), to be non-blocking, not repeatedly start/stop the GUI

event loop, handle repeats, multiple animated axes, and easily save

the animation to a movie file.

'Blitting' is a <a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_blit">standard technique</a> in computer graphics. The

general gist is to take an existing bit map (in our case a mostly

rasterized figure) and then 'blit' one more artist on top. Thus, by

managing a saved 'clean' bitmap, we can only re-draw the few artists

that are changing at each frame and possibly save significant amounts of

time. When we use blitting (by passing <code class="docutils literal notranslate">blit=True</code>), the core loop of

<a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.FuncAnimation.html#matplotlib.animation.FuncAnimation" title="matplotlib.animation.FuncAnimation"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">FuncAnimation</code></a> gets a bit more complicated:

<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>ax = fig.gca()

def update_blit(artists):

fig.canvas.restore_region(bg_cache)

for a in artists:

a.axes.draw_artist(a)

ax.figure.canvas.blit(ax.bbox)

artists = init_func()

for a in artists:

a.set_animated(True)

fig.canvas.draw()

bg_cache = fig.canvas.copy_from_bbox(ax.bbox)

for f in frames:

artists = func(f, *fargs)

update_blit(artists)

</pre></div>

</div>

This is of course leaving out many details (such as updating the

background when the figure is resized or fully re-drawn). However,

this hopefully minimalist example gives a sense of how <code class="docutils literal notranslate">init_func</code>

and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">func</code> are used inside of <a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.FuncAnimation.html#matplotlib.animation.FuncAnimation" title="matplotlib.animation.FuncAnimation"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">FuncAnimation</code></a> and the theory of how

'blitting' works.

The expected signature on <code class="docutils literal notranslate">func</code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">init_func</code> is very simple to

keep <a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.FuncAnimation.html#matplotlib.animation.FuncAnimation" title="matplotlib.animation.FuncAnimation"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">FuncAnimation</code></a> out of your book keeping and plotting logic, but

this means that the callable objects you pass in must know what

artists they should be working on. There are several approaches to

handling this, of varying complexity and encapsulation. The simplest

approach, which works quite well in the case of a script, is to define the

artist at a global scope and let Python sort things out. For example

<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from matplotlib.animation import FuncAnimation

fig, ax = plt.subplots()

xdata, ydata = [], []

ln, = plt.plot([], [], 'ro')

def init():

ax.set_xlim(0, 2*np.pi)

ax.set_ylim(-1, 1)

return ln,

def update(frame):

xdata.append(frame)

ydata.append(np.sin(frame))

ln.set_data(xdata, ydata)

return ln,

ani = FuncAnimation(fig, update, frames=np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 128),

init_func=init, blit=True)

plt.show()

</pre></div>

</div>

The second method is to use <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functools.html#functools.partial" title="(in Python v3.9)"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">functools.partial</code></a> to 'bind' artists to

function. A third method is to use closures to build up the required

artists and functions. A fourth method is to create a class.

<h4>Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>

<ul>

<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../gallery/animation/animate_decay.html">Decay</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../gallery/animation/bayes_update.html">The Bayes update</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../gallery/animation/double_pendulum.html">The double pendulum problem</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../gallery/animation/animated_histogram.html">Animated histogram</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../gallery/animation/rain.html">Rain simulation</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../gallery/animation/random_walk.html">Animated 3D random walk</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../gallery/animation/simple_anim.html">Animated line plot</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../gallery/animation/strip_chart.html">Oscilloscope</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../gallery/animation/unchained.html">MATPLOTLIB UNCHAINED</a></li>

</ul>

</div>

<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate">ArtistAnimation</code><a class="headerlink" href="#artistanimation" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>

<h4>Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#id1" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>

<ul>

<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../gallery/animation/dynamic_image.html">Animated image using a precomputed list of images</a></li>

</ul>

</div>

<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Writer Classes</a><a class="headerlink" href="#writer-classes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>

The provided writers fall into a few broad categories.

The Pillow writer relies on the Pillow library to write the animation, keeping

all data in memory.

</colgroup>

<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.PillowWriter.html#matplotlib.animation.PillowWriter" title="matplotlib.animation.PillowWriter"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">PillowWriter</code></a></td>

</tr>

</tbody>

</table>

The HTML writer generates JavaScript-based animations.

</colgroup>

<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.HTMLWriter.html#matplotlib.animation.HTMLWriter" title="matplotlib.animation.HTMLWriter"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">HTMLWriter</code></a></td>

<td>Writer for JavaScript-based HTML movies.</td>

</tr>

</tbody>

</table>

The pipe-based writers stream the captured frames over a pipe to an external

process. The pipe-based variants tend to be more performant, but may not work

on all systems.

</colgroup>

<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.FFMpegWriter.html#matplotlib.animation.FFMpegWriter" title="matplotlib.animation.FFMpegWriter"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">FFMpegWriter</code></a></td>

<td>Pipe-based ffmpeg writer.</td>

</tr>

<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.ImageMagickWriter.html#matplotlib.animation.ImageMagickWriter" title="matplotlib.animation.ImageMagickWriter"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">ImageMagickWriter</code></a></td>

<td>Pipe-based animated gif.</td>

</tr>

<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.AVConvWriter.html#matplotlib.animation.AVConvWriter" title="matplotlib.animation.AVConvWriter"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">AVConvWriter</code></a></td>

<td>Pipe-based avconv writer.</td>

</tr>

</tbody>

</table>

The file-based writers save temporary files for each frame which are stitched

into a single file at the end. Although slower, these writers can be easier to

debug.

</colgroup>

<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.FFMpegFileWriter.html#matplotlib.animation.FFMpegFileWriter" title="matplotlib.animation.FFMpegFileWriter"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">FFMpegFileWriter</code></a></td>

<td>File-based ffmpeg writer.</td>

</tr>

<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.ImageMagickFileWriter.html#matplotlib.animation.ImageMagickFileWriter" title="matplotlib.animation.ImageMagickFileWriter"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">ImageMagickFileWriter</code></a></td>

<td>File-based animated gif writer.</td>

</tr>

<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.AVConvFileWriter.html#matplotlib.animation.AVConvFileWriter" title="matplotlib.animation.AVConvFileWriter"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">AVConvFileWriter</code></a></td>

<td>File-based avconv writer.</td>

</tr>

</tbody>

</table>

Fundamentally, a <a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.MovieWriter.html#matplotlib.animation.MovieWriter" title="matplotlib.animation.MovieWriter"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">MovieWriter</code></a> provides a way to grab sequential frames

from the same underlying <a class="reference internal" href="figure_api.html#matplotlib.figure.Figure" title="matplotlib.figure.Figure"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">Figure</code></a> object. The base

class <a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.MovieWriter.html#matplotlib.animation.MovieWriter" title="matplotlib.animation.MovieWriter"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">MovieWriter</code></a> implements 3 methods and a context manager. The

only difference between the pipe-based and file-based writers is in the

arguments to their respective <code class="docutils literal notranslate">setup</code> methods.

The <code class="docutils literal notranslate">setup()</code> method is used to prepare the writer (possibly opening

a pipe), successive calls to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">grab_frame()</code> capture a single frame

at a time and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">finish()</code> finalizes the movie and writes the output

file to disk. For example

<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>moviewriter = MovieWriter(...)

moviewriter.setup(fig, 'my_movie.ext', dpi=100)

for j in range(n):

update_figure(j)

moviewriter.grab_frame()

moviewriter.finish()

</pre></div>

</div>

If using the writer classes directly (not through <a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.Animation.html#matplotlib.animation.Animation.save" title="matplotlib.animation.Animation.save"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">Animation.save</code></a>), it is

strongly encouraged to use the <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">saving</code> context manager

<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>with moviewriter.saving(fig, 'myfile.mp4', dpi=100):

for j in range(n):

update_figure(j)

moviewriter.grab_frame()

</pre></div>

</div>

to ensures that setup and cleanup are performed as necessary.

<h3>Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#id2" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>

<ul>

<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../gallery/animation/frame_grabbing_sgskip.html">Frame grabbing</a></li>

</ul>

</div>

<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Helper Classes</a><a class="headerlink" href="#helper-classes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>

<h3>Animation Base Classes<a class="headerlink" href="#animation-base-classes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>

</colgroup>

<td>A base class for Animations.</td>

</tr>

<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.TimedAnimation.html#matplotlib.animation.TimedAnimation" title="matplotlib.animation.TimedAnimation"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">TimedAnimation</code></a></td>

<td><a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.Animation.html#matplotlib.animation.Animation" title="matplotlib.animation.Animation"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">Animation</code></a> subclass for time-based animation.</td>

</tr>

</tbody>

</table>

</div>

<h3>Writer Registry<a class="headerlink" href="#writer-registry" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>

A module-level registry is provided to map between the name of the

writer and the class to allow a string to be passed to

<a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.Animation.html#matplotlib.animation.Animation.save" title="matplotlib.animation.Animation.save"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">Animation.save</code></a> instead of a writer instance.

</colgroup>

<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.MovieWriterRegistry.html#matplotlib.animation.MovieWriterRegistry" title="matplotlib.animation.MovieWriterRegistry"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">MovieWriterRegistry</code></a></td>

<td>Registry of available writer classes by human readable name.</td>

</tr>

</tbody>

</table>

</div>

<h3>Writer Base Classes<a class="headerlink" href="#writer-base-classes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>

To reduce code duplication base classes

</colgroup>

<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.AbstractMovieWriter.html#matplotlib.animation.AbstractMovieWriter" title="matplotlib.animation.AbstractMovieWriter"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">AbstractMovieWriter</code></a></td>

<td>Abstract base class for writing movies.</td>

</tr>

<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.MovieWriter.html#matplotlib.animation.MovieWriter" title="matplotlib.animation.MovieWriter"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">MovieWriter</code></a></td>

<td>Base class for writing movies.</td>

</tr>

<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.FileMovieWriter.html#matplotlib.animation.FileMovieWriter" title="matplotlib.animation.FileMovieWriter"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">FileMovieWriter</code></a></td>

<td><a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.MovieWriter.html#matplotlib.animation.MovieWriter" title="matplotlib.animation.MovieWriter"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">MovieWriter</code></a> for writing to individual files and stitching at the end.</td>

</tr>

</tbody>

</table>

and mixins

</colgroup>

<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.AVConvBase.html#matplotlib.animation.AVConvBase" title="matplotlib.animation.AVConvBase"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">AVConvBase</code></a></td>

<td>[Deprecated] Mixin class for avconv output.</td>

</tr>

<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.FFMpegBase.html#matplotlib.animation.FFMpegBase" title="matplotlib.animation.FFMpegBase"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">FFMpegBase</code></a></td>

<td>Mixin class for FFMpeg output.</td>

</tr>

<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.ImageMagickBase.html#matplotlib.animation.ImageMagickBase" title="matplotlib.animation.ImageMagickBase"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">ImageMagickBase</code></a></td>

<td>Mixin class for ImageMagick output.</td>

</tr>

</tbody>

</table>

are provided.

See the source code for how to easily implement new <a class="reference internal" href="_as_gen/matplotlib.animation.MovieWriter.html#matplotlib.animation.MovieWriter" title="matplotlib.animation.MovieWriter"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">MovieWriter</code></a> classes.

</div>

<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">Inheritance Diagrams</a><a class="headerlink" href="#inheritance-diagrams" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>

</map><div class="graphviz"><img src="../_images/inheritance-7e1acb68fe02206895f0a96165a2cb10ea670753.png" alt="Inheritance diagram of matplotlib.animation.AVConvFileWriter, matplotlib.animation.AVConvWriter, matplotlib.animation.FFMpegFileWriter, matplotlib.animation.FFMpegWriter, matplotlib.animation.ImageMagickFileWriter, matplotlib.animation.ImageMagickWriter" usemap="#inheritance8c8e6f1f96" class="inheritance graphviz" /></div>

</map></div>

</div>

</div>

Last updated on Aug 13, 2021.

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