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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

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<title>Basic Units — Matplotlib 2.2.2 documentation</title>

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<div id="unreleased-message"> You are reading an old version of the documentation (v2.2.2). For the latest version see <a href="https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/units/basic_units.html">https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/units/basic_units.html</a></div>

<div style="float: left; position: absolute; width: 496px; bottom: 0; padding-bottom: 24px">Version 2.2.2</div>

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Click <a class="reference internal" href="#sphx-glr-download-gallery-units-basic-units-py">here</a> to download the full example code

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<h1>Basic Units<a class="headerlink" href="#basic-units" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>

<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>import six

import math

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.units as units

import matplotlib.ticker as ticker

from matplotlib.axes import Axes

from matplotlib.cbook import <a href="../../api/cbook_api.html#matplotlib.cbook.iterable" title="View documentation for matplotlib.cbook.iterable">iterable</a>

class ProxyDelegate(object):

def __init__(self, fn_name, proxy_type):

self.proxy_type = proxy_type

self.fn_name = fn_name

def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):

return self.proxy_type(self.fn_name, obj)

class TaggedValueMeta(type):

def __init__(cls, name, bases, dict):

for fn_name in cls._proxies:

try:

dummy = getattr(cls, fn_name)

except AttributeError:

setattr(cls, fn_name,

ProxyDelegate(fn_name, cls._proxies[fn_name]))

class PassThroughProxy(object):

self.fn_name = fn_name

self.target = obj.proxy_target

def __call__(self, *args):

fn = getattr(self.target, self.fn_name)

ret = fn(*args)

return ret

class ConvertArgsProxy(PassThroughProxy):

PassThroughProxy.__init__(self, fn_name, obj)

self.unit = obj.unit

converted_args = []

for a in args:

try:

converted_args.append(a.convert_to(self.unit))

except AttributeError:

converted_args.append(TaggedValue(a, self.unit))

converted_args = tuple([c.get_value() for c in converted_args])

return PassThroughProxy.__call__(self, *converted_args)

class ConvertReturnProxy(PassThroughProxy):

self.unit = obj.unit

ret = PassThroughProxy.__call__(self, *args)

return (NotImplemented if ret is NotImplemented

else TaggedValue(ret, self.unit))

class ConvertAllProxy(PassThroughProxy):

self.unit = obj.unit

converted_args = []

arg_units = [self.unit]

for a in args:

if hasattr(a, 'get_unit') and not hasattr(a, 'convert_to'):

# if this arg has a unit type but no conversion ability,

# this operation is prohibited

return NotImplemented

if hasattr(a, 'convert_to'):

try:

a = a.convert_to(self.unit)

except:

pass

arg_units.append(a.get_unit())

else:

converted_args.append(a)

if hasattr(a, 'get_unit'):

else:

arg_units.append(None)

converted_args = tuple(converted_args)

if ret is NotImplemented:

return NotImplemented

ret_unit = unit_resolver(self.fn_name, arg_units)

if ret_unit is NotImplemented:

return NotImplemented

return TaggedValue(ret, ret_unit)

class TaggedValue(six.with_metaclass(TaggedValueMeta)):

_proxies = {'__add__': ConvertAllProxy,

'__sub__': ConvertAllProxy,

'__mul__': ConvertAllProxy,

'__rmul__': ConvertAllProxy,

'__cmp__': ConvertAllProxy,

'__lt__': ConvertAllProxy,

'__gt__': ConvertAllProxy,

'__len__': PassThroughProxy}

def __new__(cls, value, unit):

# generate a new subclass for value

value_class = type(value)

try:

subcls = type('TaggedValue_of_%s' % (value_class.__name__),

tuple([cls, value_class]),

{})

if subcls not in <a href="../../api/units_api.html#module-matplotlib.units" title="View documentation for matplotlib.units">units</a>.registry:

<a href="../../api/units_api.html#module-matplotlib.units" title="View documentation for matplotlib.units">units</a>.registry[subcls] = basicConverter

return object.__new__(subcls)

except TypeError:

if cls not in <a href="../../api/units_api.html#module-matplotlib.units" title="View documentation for matplotlib.units">units</a>.registry:

<a href="../../api/units_api.html#module-matplotlib.units" title="View documentation for matplotlib.units">units</a>.registry[cls] = basicConverter

return object.__new__(cls)

def __init__(self, value, unit):

self.value = value

self.unit = unit

self.proxy_target = self.value

def __getattribute__(self, name):

if name.startswith('__'):

return object.__getattribute__(self, name)

variable = object.__getattribute__(self, 'value')

if hasattr(variable, name) and name not in self.__class__.__dict__:

return getattr(variable, name)

def __array__(self, dtype=object):

return <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.asarray.html#numpy.asarray" title="View documentation for numpy.asarray">np.asarray</a>(self.value).astype(dtype)

def __array_wrap__(self, array, context):

return TaggedValue(array, self.unit)

def __repr__(self):

return 'TaggedValue(' + repr(self.value) + ', ' + repr(self.unit) + ')'

def __str__(self):

return str(self.value) + ' in ' + str(self.unit)

def __len__(self):

return len(self.value)

def __iter__(self):

# Return a generator expression rather than use `yield`, so that

# TypeError is raised by iter(self) if appropriate when checking for

# iterability.

return (TaggedValue(inner, self.unit) for inner in self.value)

def get_compressed_copy(self, mask):

new_value = <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.ma.masked_array.html#numpy.ma.masked_array" title="View documentation for numpy.ma.masked_array">np.ma.masked_array</a>(self.value, mask=mask).compressed()

return TaggedValue(new_value, self.unit)

def convert_to(self, unit):

if unit == self.unit or not unit:

return self

new_value = self.unit.convert_value_to(self.value, unit)

return TaggedValue(new_value, unit)

def get_value(self):

return self.value

def get_unit(self):

return self.unit

class BasicUnit(object):

def __init__(self, name, fullname=None):

self.name = name

if fullname is None:

fullname = name

self.fullname = fullname

self.conversions = dict()

def __repr__(self):

return 'BasicUnit(%s)' % self.name

def __str__(self):

return self.fullname

def __call__(self, value):

return TaggedValue(value, self)

def __mul__(self, rhs):

value = rhs

unit = self

if hasattr(rhs, 'get_unit'):

value = rhs.get_value()

unit = rhs.get_unit()

unit = unit_resolver('__mul__', (self, unit))

if unit is NotImplemented:

return NotImplemented

return TaggedValue(value, unit)

def __rmul__(self, lhs):

return self*lhs

return TaggedValue(array, self)

def __array__(self, t=None, context=None):

ret = <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.array.html#numpy.array" title="View documentation for numpy.array">np.array</a>([1])

if t is not None:

return ret.astype(t)

else:

return ret

def add_conversion_factor(self, unit, factor):

def convert(x):

return x*factor

self.conversions[unit] = convert

def add_conversion_fn(self, unit, fn):

def get_conversion_fn(self, unit):

return self.conversions[unit]

def convert_value_to(self, value, unit):

conversion_fn = self.conversions[unit]

ret = conversion_fn(value)

return ret

def get_unit(self):

return self

class UnitResolver(object):

def addition_rule(self, <a href="../../api/units_api.html#module-matplotlib.units" title="View documentation for matplotlib.units">units</a>):

for unit_1, unit_2 in zip(<a href="../../api/units_api.html#module-matplotlib.units" title="View documentation for matplotlib.units">units</a>[:-1], <a href="../../api/units_api.html#module-matplotlib.units" title="View documentation for matplotlib.units">units</a>[1:]):

if (unit_1 != unit_2):

return NotImplemented

return <a href="../../api/units_api.html#module-matplotlib.units" title="View documentation for matplotlib.units">units</a>[0]

def multiplication_rule(self, <a href="../../api/units_api.html#module-matplotlib.units" title="View documentation for matplotlib.units">units</a>):

non_null = [u for u in <a href="../../api/units_api.html#module-matplotlib.units" title="View documentation for matplotlib.units">units</a> if u]

if (len(non_null) > 1):

return NotImplemented

return non_null[0]

op_dict = {

'__mul__': multiplication_rule,

'__rmul__': multiplication_rule,

'__add__': addition_rule,

'__radd__': addition_rule,

'__sub__': addition_rule,

'__rsub__': addition_rule}

def __call__(self, operation, <a href="../../api/units_api.html#module-matplotlib.units" title="View documentation for matplotlib.units">units</a>):

if (operation not in self.op_dict):

return NotImplemented

return self.op_dict[operation](self, <a href="../../api/units_api.html#module-matplotlib.units" title="View documentation for matplotlib.units">units</a>)

unit_resolver = UnitResolver()

cm = BasicUnit('cm', 'centimeters')

inch = BasicUnit('inch', 'inches')

inch.add_conversion_factor(cm, 2.54)

cm.add_conversion_factor(inch, 1/2.54)

radians = BasicUnit('rad', 'radians')

degrees = BasicUnit('deg', 'degrees')

radians.add_conversion_factor(degrees, 180.0/np.pi)

degrees.add_conversion_factor(radians, np.pi/180.0)

secs = BasicUnit('s', 'seconds')

hertz = BasicUnit('Hz', 'Hertz')

minutes = BasicUnit('min', 'minutes')

secs.add_conversion_fn(hertz, lambda x: 1./x)

secs.add_conversion_factor(minutes, 1/60.0)

# radians formatting

def rad_fn(x, pos=None):

n = int((x / np.pi) * 2.0 + 0.25)

if n == 0:

return '0'

elif n == 1:

return r'$\pi/2$'

elif n == 2:

return r'$\pi$'

elif n % 2 == 0:

return r'$%s\pi$' % (n//2,)

else:

return r'$%s\pi/2$' % (n,)

class BasicUnitConverter(<a href="../../api/units_api.html#matplotlib.units.ConversionInterface" title="View documentation for matplotlib.units.ConversionInterface">units.ConversionInterface</a>):

@staticmethod

def axisinfo(unit, axis):

'return AxisInfo instance for x and unit'

if unit == radians:

majloc=<a href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.MultipleLocator" title="View documentation for matplotlib.ticker.MultipleLocator">ticker.MultipleLocator</a>(base=np.pi/2),

majfmt=<a href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.FuncFormatter" title="View documentation for matplotlib.ticker.FuncFormatter">ticker.FuncFormatter</a>(rad_fn),

label=unit.fullname,

)

elif unit == degrees:

majloc=<a href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.AutoLocator" title="View documentation for matplotlib.ticker.AutoLocator">ticker.AutoLocator</a>(),

majfmt=<a href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.FormatStrFormatter" title="View documentation for matplotlib.ticker.FormatStrFormatter">ticker.FormatStrFormatter</a>(r'$%i^\circ$'),

label=unit.fullname,

)

elif unit is not None:

if hasattr(unit, 'fullname'):

return <a href="../../api/units_api.html#matplotlib.units.AxisInfo" title="View documentation for matplotlib.units.AxisInfo">units.AxisInfo</a>(label=unit.fullname)

elif hasattr(unit, 'unit'):

return None

@staticmethod

def convert(val, unit, axis):

if <a href="../../api/units_api.html#matplotlib.units.ConversionInterface.is_numlike" title="View documentation for matplotlib.units.ConversionInterface.is_numlike">units.ConversionInterface.is_numlike</a>(val):

return val

if <a href="../../api/cbook_api.html#matplotlib.cbook.iterable" title="View documentation for matplotlib.cbook.iterable">iterable</a>(val):

return [thisval.convert_to(unit).get_value() for thisval in val]

else:

return val.convert_to(unit).get_value()

@staticmethod

def default_units(x, axis):

'return the default unit for x or None'

for thisx in x:

return thisx.unit

return x.unit

def cos(x):

return [math.cos(val.convert_to(radians).get_value()) for val in x]

else:

return math.cos(x.convert_to(radians).get_value())

basicConverter = BasicUnitConverter()

<a href="../../api/units_api.html#module-matplotlib.units" title="View documentation for matplotlib.units">units</a>.registry[BasicUnit] = basicConverter

<a href="../../api/units_api.html#module-matplotlib.units" title="View documentation for matplotlib.units">units</a>.registry[TaggedValue] = basicConverter

</pre></div>

</div>

<a class="reference download internal" href="../../_downloads/basic_units.py" download=""><code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate">Download Python source code: basic_units.py</code></a></div>

<a class="reference download internal" href="../../_downloads/basic_units.ipynb" download=""><code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate">Download Jupyter notebook: basic_units.ipynb</code></a></div>

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Keywords: matplotlib code example, codex, python plot, pyplot

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