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2992 lines (2609 loc) · 129 KB
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/*
* Cppcheck - A tool for static C/C++ code analysis
* Copyright (C) 2007-2021 Cppcheck team.
*
* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include "checkclass.h"
#include "astutils.h"
#include "library.h"
#include "settings.h"
#include "standards.h"
#include "symboldatabase.h"
#include "errorlogger.h"
#include "errortypes.h"
#include "token.h"
#include "tokenize.h"
#include "utils.h"
#include "tinyxml2.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <functional>
#include <utility>
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Register CheckClass..
namespace {
CheckClass instance;
}
static const CWE CWE398(398U); // Indicator of Poor Code Quality
static const CWE CWE404(404U); // Improper Resource Shutdown or Release
static const CWE CWE665(665U); // Improper Initialization
static const CWE CWE758(758U); // Reliance on Undefined, Unspecified, or Implementation-Defined Behavior
static const CWE CWE762(762U); // Mismatched Memory Management Routines
static const CWE CWE_ONE_DEFINITION_RULE(758U);
static const char * getFunctionTypeName(Function::Type type)
{
switch (type) {
case Function::eConstructor:
return "constructor";
case Function::eCopyConstructor:
return "copy constructor";
case Function::eMoveConstructor:
return "move constructor";
case Function::eDestructor:
return "destructor";
case Function::eFunction:
return "function";
case Function::eOperatorEqual:
return "operator=";
case Function::eLambda:
return "lambda";
}
return "";
}
static bool isVariableCopyNeeded(const Variable &var)
{
return var.isPointer() ||
(var.type() && var.type()->needInitialization == Type::NeedInitialization::True) ||
(var.valueType() && var.valueType()->type >= ValueType::Type::CHAR);
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
CheckClass::CheckClass(const Tokenizer *tokenizer, const Settings *settings, ErrorLogger *errorLogger)
: Check(myName(), tokenizer, settings, errorLogger),
mSymbolDatabase(tokenizer?tokenizer->getSymbolDatabase():nullptr)
{
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ClassCheck: Check that all class constructors are ok.
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CheckClass::constructors()
{
const bool printStyle = mSettings->severity.isEnabled(Severity::style);
const bool printWarnings = mSettings->severity.isEnabled(Severity::warning);
if (!printStyle && !printWarnings)
return;
const bool printInconclusive = mSettings->certainty.isEnabled(Certainty::inconclusive);
for (const Scope * scope : mSymbolDatabase->classAndStructScopes) {
const bool unusedTemplate = Token::simpleMatch(scope->classDef->previous(), ">");
bool usedInUnion = false;
for (const Scope &unionScope : mSymbolDatabase->scopeList) {
if (unionScope.type != Scope::eUnion)
continue;
for (const Variable &var : unionScope.varlist) {
if (var.type() && var.type()->classScope == scope) {
usedInUnion = true;
break;
}
}
}
// There are no constructors.
if (scope->numConstructors == 0 && printStyle && !usedInUnion) {
// If there is a private variable, there should be a constructor..
for (const Variable &var : scope->varlist) {
if (var.isPrivate() && !var.isStatic() && !var.isInit() &&
(!var.isClass() || (var.type() && var.type()->needInitialization == Type::NeedInitialization::True))) {
noConstructorError(scope->classDef, scope->className, scope->classDef->str() == "struct");
break;
}
}
}
if (!printWarnings)
continue;
// #3196 => bailout if there are nested unions
// TODO: handle union variables better
{
bool bailout = false;
for (const Scope * const nestedScope : scope->nestedList) {
if (nestedScope->type == Scope::eUnion) {
bailout = true;
break;
}
}
if (bailout)
continue;
}
std::vector<Usage> usageList = createUsageList(scope);
for (const Function &func : scope->functionList) {
if (!func.hasBody() || !(func.isConstructor() || func.type == Function::eOperatorEqual))
continue;
// Bail: If initializer list is not recognized as a variable or type then skip since parsing is incomplete
if (unusedTemplate && func.type == Function::eConstructor) {
const Token *initList = func.constructorMemberInitialization();
if (Token::Match(initList, ": %name% (") && initList->next()->tokType() == Token::eName)
break;
}
// Mark all variables not used
clearAllVar(usageList);
std::list<const Function *> callstack;
initializeVarList(func, callstack, scope, usageList);
// Check if any variables are uninitialized
for (Usage &usage : usageList) {
const Variable& var = *usage.var;
// check for C++11 initializer
if (var.hasDefault()) {
usage.init = true;
continue;
}
if (usage.assign || usage.init || var.isStatic())
continue;
if (var.valueType() && var.valueType()->pointer == 0 && var.type() && var.type()->needInitialization == Type::NeedInitialization::False && var.type()->derivedFrom.empty())
continue;
if (var.isConst() && func.isOperator()) // We can't set const members in assignment operator
continue;
// Check if this is a class constructor
if (!var.isPointer() && !var.isPointerArray() && var.isClass() && func.type == Function::eConstructor) {
// Unknown type so assume it is initialized
if (!var.type())
continue;
// Known type that doesn't need initialization or
// known type that has member variables of an unknown type
else if (var.type()->needInitialization != Type::NeedInitialization::True)
continue;
}
// Check if type can't be copied
if (!var.isPointer() && !var.isPointerArray() && var.typeScope()) {
if (func.type == Function::eMoveConstructor) {
if (canNotMove(var.typeScope()))
continue;
} else {
if (canNotCopy(var.typeScope()))
continue;
}
}
bool inconclusive = false;
// Don't warn about unknown types in copy constructors since we
// don't know if they can be copied or not..
if ((func.type == Function::eCopyConstructor || func.type == Function::eMoveConstructor || func.type == Function::eOperatorEqual) && !isVariableCopyNeeded(var))
inconclusive = true;
if (!printInconclusive && inconclusive)
continue;
// It's non-static and it's not initialized => error
if (func.type == Function::eOperatorEqual) {
const Token *operStart = func.arg;
bool classNameUsed = false;
for (const Token *operTok = operStart; operTok != operStart->link(); operTok = operTok->next()) {
if (operTok->str() == scope->className) {
classNameUsed = true;
break;
}
}
if (classNameUsed)
operatorEqVarError(func.token, scope->className, var.name(), inconclusive);
} else if (func.access != AccessControl::Private || mSettings->standards.cpp >= Standards::CPP11) {
// If constructor is not in scope then we maybe using a constructor from a different template specialization
if (!precedes(scope->bodyStart, func.tokenDef))
continue;
const Scope *varType = var.typeScope();
if (!varType || varType->type != Scope::eUnion) {
const bool derived = scope != var.scope();
if (func.type == Function::eConstructor &&
func.nestedIn && (func.nestedIn->numConstructors - func.nestedIn->numCopyOrMoveConstructors) > 1 &&
func.argCount() == 0 && func.functionScope &&
func.arg && func.arg->link()->next() == func.functionScope->bodyStart &&
func.functionScope->bodyStart->link() == func.functionScope->bodyStart->next()) {
// don't warn about user defined default constructor when there are other constructors
if (printInconclusive)
uninitVarError(func.token, func.access == AccessControl::Private, func.type, var.scope()->className, var.name(), derived, true);
} else
uninitVarError(func.token, func.access == AccessControl::Private, func.type, var.scope()->className, var.name(), derived, inconclusive);
}
}
}
}
}
}
void CheckClass::checkExplicitConstructors()
{
if (!mSettings->severity.isEnabled(Severity::style))
return;
for (const Scope * scope : mSymbolDatabase->classAndStructScopes) {
// Do not perform check, if the class/struct has not any constructors
if (scope->numConstructors == 0)
continue;
// Is class abstract? Maybe this test is over-simplification, but it will suffice for simple cases,
// and it will avoid false positives.
bool isAbstractClass = false;
for (const Function &func : scope->functionList) {
if (func.isPure()) {
isAbstractClass = true;
break;
}
}
// Abstract classes can't be instantiated. But if there is C++11
// "misuse" by derived classes then these constructors must be explicit.
if (isAbstractClass && mSettings->standards.cpp >= Standards::CPP11)
continue;
for (const Function &func : scope->functionList) {
// We are looking for constructors, which are meeting following criteria:
// 1) Constructor is declared with a single parameter
// 2) Constructor is not declared as explicit
// 3) It is not a copy/move constructor of non-abstract class
// 4) Constructor is not marked as delete (programmer can mark the default constructor as deleted, which is ok)
if (!func.isConstructor() || func.isDelete() || (!func.hasBody() && func.access == AccessControl::Private))
continue;
if (!func.isExplicit() &&
func.minArgCount() == 1 &&
func.type != Function::eCopyConstructor &&
func.type != Function::eMoveConstructor) {
noExplicitConstructorError(func.tokenDef, scope->className, scope->type == Scope::eStruct);
}
}
}
}
static bool hasNonCopyableBase(const Scope *scope, bool *unknown)
{
// check if there is base class that is not copyable
for (const Type::BaseInfo &baseInfo : scope->definedType->derivedFrom) {
if (!baseInfo.type || !baseInfo.type->classScope) {
*unknown = true;
continue;
}
if (hasNonCopyableBase(baseInfo.type->classScope, unknown))
return true;
for (const Function &func : baseInfo.type->classScope->functionList) {
if (func.type != Function::eCopyConstructor)
continue;
if (func.access == AccessControl::Private || func.isDelete()) {
*unknown = false;
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
void CheckClass::copyconstructors()
{
if (!mSettings->severity.isEnabled(Severity::warning))
return;
for (const Scope * scope : mSymbolDatabase->classAndStructScopes) {
std::map<int, const Token*> allocatedVars;
for (const Function &func : scope->functionList) {
if (func.type != Function::eConstructor || !func.functionScope)
continue;
const Token* tok = func.token->linkAt(1);
for (const Token* const end = func.functionScope->bodyStart; tok != end; tok = tok->next()) {
if (Token::Match(tok, "%var% ( new") ||
(Token::Match(tok, "%var% ( %name% (") && mSettings->library.getAllocFuncInfo(tok->tokAt(2)))) {
const Variable* var = tok->variable();
if (var && var->isPointer() && var->scope() == scope)
allocatedVars[tok->varId()] = tok;
}
}
for (const Token* const end = func.functionScope->bodyEnd; tok != end; tok = tok->next()) {
if (Token::Match(tok, "%var% = new") ||
(Token::Match(tok, "%var% = %name% (") && mSettings->library.getAllocFuncInfo(tok->tokAt(2)))) {
const Variable* var = tok->variable();
if (var && var->isPointer() && var->scope() == scope && !var->isStatic())
allocatedVars[tok->varId()] = tok;
}
}
}
if (!allocatedVars.empty()) {
const Function *funcCopyCtor = nullptr;
const Function *funcOperatorEq = nullptr;
const Function *funcDestructor = nullptr;
for (const Function &func : scope->functionList) {
if (func.type == Function::eCopyConstructor)
funcCopyCtor = &func;
else if (func.type == Function::eOperatorEqual)
funcOperatorEq = &func;
else if (func.type == Function::eDestructor)
funcDestructor = &func;
}
if (!funcCopyCtor || funcCopyCtor->isDefault()) {
bool unknown = false;
if (!hasNonCopyableBase(scope, &unknown) && !unknown)
noCopyConstructorError(scope, funcCopyCtor, allocatedVars.begin()->second, unknown);
}
if (!funcOperatorEq || funcOperatorEq->isDefault()) {
bool unknown = false;
if (!hasNonCopyableBase(scope, &unknown) && !unknown)
noOperatorEqError(scope, funcOperatorEq, allocatedVars.begin()->second, unknown);
}
if (!funcDestructor || funcDestructor->isDefault()) {
const Token * mustDealloc = nullptr;
for (std::map<int, const Token*>::const_iterator it = allocatedVars.begin(); it != allocatedVars.end(); ++it) {
if (!Token::Match(it->second, "%var% [(=] new %type%")) {
mustDealloc = it->second;
break;
}
if (it->second->valueType() && it->second->valueType()->isIntegral()) {
mustDealloc = it->second;
break;
}
const Variable *var = it->second->variable();
if (var && var->typeScope() && var->typeScope()->functionList.empty() && var->type()->derivedFrom.empty()) {
mustDealloc = it->second;
break;
}
}
if (mustDealloc)
noDestructorError(scope, funcDestructor, mustDealloc);
}
}
std::set<const Token*> copiedVars;
const Token* copyCtor = nullptr;
for (const Function &func : scope->functionList) {
if (func.type != Function::eCopyConstructor)
continue;
copyCtor = func.tokenDef;
if (!func.functionScope) {
allocatedVars.clear();
break;
}
const Token* tok = func.tokenDef->linkAt(1)->next();
if (tok->str()==":") {
tok=tok->next();
while (Token::Match(tok, "%name% (")) {
if (allocatedVars.find(tok->varId()) != allocatedVars.end()) {
if (tok->varId() && Token::Match(tok->tokAt(2), "%name% . %name% )"))
copiedVars.insert(tok);
else if (!Token::Match(tok->tokAt(2), "%any% )"))
allocatedVars.erase(tok->varId()); // Assume memory is allocated
}
tok = tok->linkAt(1)->tokAt(2);
}
}
for (tok = func.functionScope->bodyStart; tok != func.functionScope->bodyEnd; tok = tok->next()) {
if (Token::Match(tok, "%var% = new|malloc|g_malloc|g_try_malloc|realloc|g_realloc|g_try_realloc")) {
allocatedVars.erase(tok->varId());
} else if (Token::Match(tok, "%var% = %name% . %name% ;") && allocatedVars.find(tok->varId()) != allocatedVars.end()) {
copiedVars.insert(tok);
}
}
break;
}
if (copyCtor && !copiedVars.empty()) {
for (const Token *cv : copiedVars)
copyConstructorShallowCopyError(cv, cv->str());
// throw error if count mismatch
/* FIXME: This doesn't work. See #4154
for (std::map<int, const Token*>::const_iterator i = allocatedVars.begin(); i != allocatedVars.end(); ++i) {
copyConstructorMallocError(copyCtor, i->second, i->second->str());
}
*/
}
}
}
/* This doesn't work. See #4154
void CheckClass::copyConstructorMallocError(const Token *cctor, const Token *alloc, const std::string& varname)
{
std::list<const Token*> callstack;
callstack.push_back(cctor);
callstack.push_back(alloc);
reportError(callstack, Severity::warning, "copyCtorNoAllocation", "Copy constructor does not allocate memory for member '" + varname + "' although memory has been allocated in other constructors.");
}
*/
void CheckClass::copyConstructorShallowCopyError(const Token *tok, const std::string& varname)
{
reportError(tok, Severity::warning, "copyCtorPointerCopying",
"$symbol:" + varname + "\nValue of pointer '$symbol', which points to allocated memory, is copied in copy constructor instead of allocating new memory.", CWE398, Certainty::normal);
}
static std::string noMemberErrorMessage(const Scope *scope, const char function[], bool isdefault)
{
const std::string &classname = scope ? scope->className : "class";
const std::string type = (scope && scope->type == Scope::eStruct) ? "Struct" : "Class";
const bool isDestructor = (function[0] == 'd');
std::string errmsg = "$symbol:" + classname + '\n';
if (isdefault) {
errmsg += type + " '$symbol' has dynamic memory/resource allocation(s). The " + function + " is explicitly defaulted but the default " + function + " does not work well.";
if (isDestructor)
errmsg += " It is recommended to define the " + std::string(function) + '.';
else
errmsg += " It is recommended to define or delete the " + std::string(function) + '.';
} else {
errmsg += type + " '$symbol' does not have a " + function + " which is recommended since it has dynamic memory/resource allocation(s).";
}
return errmsg;
}
void CheckClass::noCopyConstructorError(const Scope *scope, bool isdefault, const Token *alloc, bool inconclusive)
{
reportError(alloc, Severity::warning, "noCopyConstructor", noMemberErrorMessage(scope, "copy constructor", isdefault), CWE398, inconclusive ? Certainty::inconclusive : Certainty::normal);
}
void CheckClass::noOperatorEqError(const Scope *scope, bool isdefault, const Token *alloc, bool inconclusive)
{
reportError(alloc, Severity::warning, "noOperatorEq", noMemberErrorMessage(scope, "operator=", isdefault), CWE398, inconclusive ? Certainty::inconclusive : Certainty::normal);
}
void CheckClass::noDestructorError(const Scope *scope, bool isdefault, const Token *alloc)
{
reportError(alloc, Severity::warning, "noDestructor", noMemberErrorMessage(scope, "destructor", isdefault), CWE398, Certainty::normal);
}
bool CheckClass::canNotCopy(const Scope *scope)
{
bool constructor = false;
bool publicAssign = false;
bool publicCopy = false;
for (const Function &func : scope->functionList) {
if (func.isConstructor())
constructor = true;
if (func.access != AccessControl::Public)
continue;
if (func.type == Function::eCopyConstructor) {
publicCopy = true;
break;
} else if (func.type == Function::eOperatorEqual) {
publicAssign = true;
break;
}
}
return constructor && !(publicAssign || publicCopy);
}
bool CheckClass::canNotMove(const Scope *scope)
{
bool constructor = false;
bool publicAssign = false;
bool publicCopy = false;
bool publicMove = false;
for (const Function &func : scope->functionList) {
if (func.isConstructor())
constructor = true;
if (func.access != AccessControl::Public)
continue;
if (func.type == Function::eCopyConstructor) {
publicCopy = true;
break;
} else if (func.type == Function::eMoveConstructor) {
publicMove = true;
break;
} else if (func.type == Function::eOperatorEqual) {
publicAssign = true;
break;
}
}
return constructor && !(publicAssign || publicCopy || publicMove);
}
static void getAllVariableMembers(const Scope *scope, std::vector<const Variable *>& varList)
{
for (const Variable& var: scope->varlist)
varList.push_back(&var);
if (scope->definedType) {
for (const Type::BaseInfo& baseInfo: scope->definedType->derivedFrom) {
if (scope->definedType == baseInfo.type)
continue;
const Scope *baseClass = baseInfo.type ? baseInfo.type->classScope : nullptr;
if (baseClass && baseClass->isClassOrStruct() && baseClass->numConstructors == 0)
getAllVariableMembers(baseClass, varList);
}
}
}
std::vector<CheckClass::Usage> CheckClass::createUsageList(const Scope *scope)
{
std::vector<Usage> ret;
std::vector<const Variable *> varlist;
getAllVariableMembers(scope, varlist);
ret.reserve(varlist.size());
for (const Variable *var: varlist)
ret.emplace_back(var);
return ret;
}
void CheckClass::assignVar(std::vector<Usage> &usageList, nonneg int varid)
{
for (Usage& usage: usageList) {
if (usage.var->declarationId() == varid) {
usage.assign = true;
return;
}
}
}
void CheckClass::initVar(std::vector<Usage> &usageList, nonneg int varid)
{
for (Usage& usage: usageList) {
if (usage.var->declarationId() == varid) {
usage.init = true;
return;
}
}
}
void CheckClass::assignAllVar(std::vector<Usage> &usageList)
{
for (Usage & i : usageList)
i.assign = true;
}
void CheckClass::clearAllVar(std::vector<Usage> &usageList)
{
for (Usage & i : usageList) {
i.assign = false;
i.init = false;
}
}
bool CheckClass::isBaseClassFunc(const Token *tok, const Scope *scope)
{
// Iterate through each base class...
for (const Type::BaseInfo & i : scope->definedType->derivedFrom) {
const Type *derivedFrom = i.type;
// Check if base class exists in database
if (derivedFrom && derivedFrom->classScope) {
const std::list<Function>& functionList = derivedFrom->classScope->functionList;
for (const Function &func : functionList) {
if (func.tokenDef->str() == tok->str())
return true;
}
}
// Base class not found so assume it is in it.
else
return true;
}
return false;
}
void CheckClass::initializeVarList(const Function &func, std::list<const Function *> &callstack, const Scope *scope, std::vector<Usage> &usage)
{
if (!func.functionScope)
throw InternalError(nullptr, "Internal Error: Invalid syntax"); // #5702
bool initList = func.isConstructor();
const Token *ftok = func.arg->link()->next();
int level = 0;
for (; ftok && ftok != func.functionScope->bodyEnd; ftok = ftok->next()) {
// Class constructor.. initializing variables like this
// clKalle::clKalle() : var(value) { }
if (initList) {
if (level == 0 && Token::Match(ftok, "%name% {|(") && Token::Match(ftok->linkAt(1), "}|) ,|{")) {
if (ftok->str() != func.name()) {
initVar(usage, ftok->varId());
} else { // c++11 delegate constructor
const Function *member = ftok->function();
// member function not found => assume it initializes all members
if (!member) {
assignAllVar(usage);
return;
}
// recursive call
// assume that all variables are initialized
if (std::find(callstack.begin(), callstack.end(), member) != callstack.end()) {
/** @todo false negative: just bail */
assignAllVar(usage);
return;
}
// member function has implementation
if (member->hasBody()) {
// initialize variable use list using member function
callstack.push_back(member);
initializeVarList(*member, callstack, scope, usage);
callstack.pop_back();
}
// there is a called member function, but it has no implementation, so we assume it initializes everything
else {
assignAllVar(usage);
}
}
} else if (level != 0 && Token::Match(ftok, "%name% =")) // assignment in the initializer: var(value = x)
assignVar(usage, ftok->varId());
// Level handling
if (ftok->link() && Token::Match(ftok, "(|<"))
level++;
else if (ftok->str() == "{") {
if (level != 0 ||
(Token::Match(ftok->previous(), "%name%|>") && Token::Match(ftok->link(), "} ,|{")))
level++;
else
initList = false;
} else if (ftok->link() && Token::Match(ftok, ")|>|}"))
level--;
}
if (initList)
continue;
// Variable getting value from stream?
if (Token::Match(ftok, ">>|& %name%") && isLikelyStreamRead(true, ftok)) {
assignVar(usage, ftok->next()->varId());
}
// If assignment comes after an && or || this is really inconclusive because of short circuiting
if (Token::Match(ftok, "%oror%|&&"))
continue;
if (Token::simpleMatch(ftok, "( !"))
ftok = ftok->next();
// Using the operator= function to initialize all variables..
if (Token::Match(ftok->next(), "return| (| * this )| =")) {
assignAllVar(usage);
break;
}
// Using swap to assign all variables..
if (func.type == Function::eOperatorEqual && Token::Match(ftok, "[;{}] %name% (") && Token::Match(ftok->linkAt(2), ") . %name% ( *| this ) ;")) {
assignAllVar(usage);
break;
}
// Calling member variable function?
if (Token::Match(ftok->next(), "%var% . %name% (")) {
for (const Variable &var : scope->varlist) {
if (var.declarationId() == ftok->next()->varId()) {
/** @todo false negative: we assume function changes variable state */
assignVar(usage, ftok->next()->varId());
break;
}
}
ftok = ftok->tokAt(2);
}
if (!Token::Match(ftok->next(), "::| %name%") &&
!Token::Match(ftok->next(), "*| this . %name%") &&
!Token::Match(ftok->next(), "* %name% =") &&
!Token::Match(ftok->next(), "( * this ) . %name%"))
continue;
// Goto the first token in this statement..
ftok = ftok->next();
// skip "return"
if (ftok->str() == "return")
ftok = ftok->next();
// Skip "( * this )"
if (Token::simpleMatch(ftok, "( * this ) .")) {
ftok = ftok->tokAt(5);
}
// Skip "this->"
if (Token::simpleMatch(ftok, "this ."))
ftok = ftok->tokAt(2);
// Skip "classname :: "
if (Token::Match(ftok, ":: %name%"))
ftok = ftok->next();
while (Token::Match(ftok, "%name% ::"))
ftok = ftok->tokAt(2);
// Clearing all variables..
if (Token::Match(ftok, "::| memset ( this ,")) {
assignAllVar(usage);
return;
}
// Ticket #7068
else if (Token::Match(ftok, "::| memset ( &| this . %name%")) {
if (ftok->str() == "::")
ftok = ftok->next();
int offsetToMember = 4;
if (ftok->strAt(2) == "&")
++offsetToMember;
assignVar(usage, ftok->tokAt(offsetToMember)->varId());
ftok = ftok->linkAt(1);
continue;
}
// Clearing array..
else if (Token::Match(ftok, "::| memset ( %name% ,")) {
if (ftok->str() == "::")
ftok = ftok->next();
assignVar(usage, ftok->tokAt(2)->varId());
ftok = ftok->linkAt(1);
continue;
}
// Calling member function?
else if (Token::simpleMatch(ftok, "operator= (") &&
ftok->previous()->str() != "::") {
if (ftok->function() && ftok->function()->nestedIn == scope) {
const Function *member = ftok->function();
// recursive call
// assume that all variables are initialized
if (std::find(callstack.begin(), callstack.end(), member) != callstack.end()) {
/** @todo false negative: just bail */
assignAllVar(usage);
return;
}
// member function has implementation
if (member->hasBody()) {
// initialize variable use list using member function
callstack.push_back(member);
initializeVarList(*member, callstack, scope, usage);
callstack.pop_back();
}
// there is a called member function, but it has no implementation, so we assume it initializes everything
else {
assignAllVar(usage);
}
}
// using default operator =, assume everything initialized
else {
assignAllVar(usage);
}
} else if (Token::Match(ftok, "::| %name% (") && !Token::Match(ftok, "if|while|for")) {
if (ftok->str() == "::")
ftok = ftok->next();
// Passing "this" => assume that everything is initialized
for (const Token *tok2 = ftok->next()->link(); tok2 && tok2 != ftok; tok2 = tok2->previous()) {
if (tok2->str() == "this") {
assignAllVar(usage);
return;
}
}
// check if member function
if (ftok->function() && ftok->function()->nestedIn == scope &&
!ftok->function()->isConstructor()) {
const Function *member = ftok->function();
// recursive call
// assume that all variables are initialized
if (std::find(callstack.begin(), callstack.end(), member) != callstack.end()) {
assignAllVar(usage);
return;
}
// member function has implementation
if (member->hasBody()) {
// initialize variable use list using member function
callstack.push_back(member);
initializeVarList(*member, callstack, scope, usage);
callstack.pop_back();
// Assume that variables that are passed to it are initialized..
for (const Token *tok2 = ftok; tok2; tok2 = tok2->next()) {
if (Token::Match(tok2, "[;{}]"))
break;
if (Token::Match(tok2, "[(,] &| %name% [,)]")) {
tok2 = tok2->next();
if (tok2->str() == "&")
tok2 = tok2->next();
assignVar(usage, tok2->varId());
}
}
}
// there is a called member function, but it has no implementation, so we assume it initializes everything
else {
assignAllVar(usage);
}
}
// not member function
else {
// could be a base class virtual function, so we assume it initializes everything
if (!func.isConstructor() && isBaseClassFunc(ftok, scope)) {
/** @todo False Negative: we should look at the base class functions to see if they
* call any derived class virtual functions that change the derived class state
*/
assignAllVar(usage);
}
// has friends, so we assume it initializes everything
if (!scope->definedType->friendList.empty())
assignAllVar(usage);
// the function is external and it's neither friend nor inherited virtual function.
// assume all variables that are passed to it are initialized..
else {
for (const Token *tok = ftok->tokAt(2); tok && tok != ftok->next()->link(); tok = tok->next()) {
if (tok->isName()) {
assignVar(usage, tok->varId());
}
}
}
}
}
// Assignment of member variable?
else if (Token::Match(ftok, "%name% =")) {
assignVar(usage, ftok->varId());
bool bailout = ftok->variable() && ftok->variable()->isReference();
const Token* tok2 = ftok->tokAt(2);
if (tok2->str() == "&") {
tok2 = tok2->next();
bailout = true;
}
if (tok2->variable() && (bailout || tok2->variable()->isArray()) && tok2->strAt(1) != "[")
assignVar(usage, tok2->varId());
}
// Assignment of array item of member variable?
else if (Token::Match(ftok, "%name% [|.")) {
const Token *tok2 = ftok;
while (tok2) {
if (tok2->strAt(1) == "[")
tok2 = tok2->next()->link();
else if (Token::Match(tok2->next(), ". %name%"))
tok2 = tok2->tokAt(2);
else
break;
}
if (tok2 && tok2->strAt(1) == "=")
assignVar(usage, ftok->varId());
}
// Assignment of array item of member variable?
else if (Token::Match(ftok, "* %name% =")) {
assignVar(usage, ftok->next()->varId());
} else if (Token::Match(ftok, "* this . %name% =")) {
assignVar(usage, ftok->tokAt(3)->varId());
}
// The functions 'clear' and 'Clear' are supposed to initialize variable.
if (Token::Match(ftok, "%name% . clear|Clear (")) {
assignVar(usage, ftok->varId());
}
}
}
void CheckClass::noConstructorError(const Token *tok, const std::string &classname, bool isStruct)
{
// For performance reasons the constructor might be intentionally missing. Therefore this is not a "warning"
reportError(tok, Severity::style, "noConstructor",
"$symbol:" + classname + "\n" +
"The " + std::string(isStruct ? "struct" : "class") + " '$symbol' does not have a constructor although it has private member variables.\n"
"The " + std::string(isStruct ? "struct" : "class") + " '$symbol' does not have a constructor "
"although it has private member variables. Member variables of builtin types are left "
"uninitialized when the class is instantiated. That may cause bugs or undefined behavior.", CWE398, Certainty::normal);
}
void CheckClass::noExplicitConstructorError(const Token *tok, const std::string &classname, bool isStruct)
{
const std::string message(std::string(isStruct ? "Struct" : "Class") + " '$symbol' has a constructor with 1 argument that is not explicit.");
const std::string verbose(message + " Such constructors should in general be explicit for type safety reasons. Using the explicit keyword in the constructor means some mistakes when using the class can be avoided.");
reportError(tok, Severity::style, "noExplicitConstructor", "$symbol:" + classname + '\n' + message + '\n' + verbose, CWE398, Certainty::normal);
}
void CheckClass::uninitVarError(const Token *tok, bool isprivate, Function::Type functionType, const std::string &classname, const std::string &varname, bool derived, bool inconclusive)
{
std::string message;
if ((functionType == Function::eCopyConstructor || functionType == Function::eMoveConstructor) && inconclusive)
message = "Member variable '$symbol' is not assigned in the copy constructor. Should it be copied?";
else
message = "Member variable '$symbol' is not initialized in the constructor.";
if (derived)
message += " Maybe it should be initialized directly in the class " + classname + "?";
std::string id = std::string("uninit") + (derived ? "Derived" : "") + "MemberVar" + (isprivate ? "Private" : "");
reportError(tok, Severity::warning, id, "$symbol:" + classname + "::" + varname + "\n" + message, CWE398, inconclusive ? Certainty::inconclusive : Certainty::normal);
}
void CheckClass::operatorEqVarError(const Token *tok, const std::string &classname, const std::string &varname, bool inconclusive)
{
reportError(tok, Severity::warning, "operatorEqVarError", "$symbol:" + classname + "::" + varname + "\nMember variable '$symbol' is not assigned a value in '" + classname + "::operator='.", CWE398, inconclusive ? Certainty::inconclusive : Certainty::normal);
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ClassCheck: Use initialization list instead of assignment
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CheckClass::initializationListUsage()
{
if (!mSettings->severity.isEnabled(Severity::performance))
return;
for (const Scope *scope : mSymbolDatabase->functionScopes) {
// Check every constructor
if (!scope->function || !scope->function->isConstructor())
continue;
// Do not warn when a delegate constructor is called
if (const Token *initList = scope->function->constructorMemberInitialization()) {
if (Token::Match(initList, ": %name% {|(") && initList->strAt(1) == scope->className)
continue;
}
const Scope* owner = scope->functionOf;
for (const Token* tok = scope->bodyStart; tok != scope->bodyEnd; tok = tok->next()) {
if (Token::Match(tok, "%name% (")) // Assignments might depend on this function call or if/for/while/switch statement from now on.
break;
if (Token::Match(tok, "try|do {"))
break;
if (!Token::Match(tok, "%var% =") || tok->strAt(-1) == "*" || tok->strAt(-1) == ".")
continue;
const Variable* var = tok->variable();
if (!var || var->scope() != owner || var->isStatic())
continue;
if (var->isPointer() || var->isReference() || var->isEnumType())