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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"

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<h3><a href="../../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>

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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Customizing Figure Layouts Using GridSpec and Other Functions</a><ul>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#basic-quickstart-guide">Basic Quickstart Guide</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#fine-adjustments-to-a-gridspec-layout">Fine Adjustments to a Gridspec Layout</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gridspec-using-subplotspec">GridSpec using SubplotSpec</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#a-complex-nested-gridspec-using-subplotspec">A Complex Nested GridSpec using SubplotSpec</a><ul>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#references">References</a></li>

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<h1>Customizing Figure Layouts Using GridSpec and Other Functions<a class="headerlink" href="#customizing-figure-layouts-using-gridspec-and-other-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>

How to create grid-shaped combinations of axes.

<dt><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">subplots()</code></a></dt>

<dd>Perhaps the primary function used to create figures and axes.

It's also similar to <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplot.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplot" title="matplotlib.pyplot.subplot"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">matplotlib.pyplot.subplot()</code></a>,

but creates and places all axes on the figure at once. See also

<code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">matplotlib.Figure.subplots</code>.</dd>

<dt><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec.html#matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec" title="matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">GridSpec</code></a></dt>

<dd>Specifies the geometry of the grid that a subplot will be

placed. The number of rows and number of columns of the grid

need to be set. Optionally, the subplot layout parameters

(e.g., left, right, etc.) can be tuned.</dd>

<dt><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.gridspec.SubplotSpec.html#matplotlib.gridspec.SubplotSpec" title="matplotlib.gridspec.SubplotSpec"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">SubplotSpec</code></a></dt>

<dd>Specifies the location of the subplot in the given GridSpec.</dd>

<dt><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplot2grid.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplot2grid" title="matplotlib.pyplot.subplot2grid"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">subplot2grid()</code></a></dt>

<dd>A helper function that is similar to

<a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplot.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplot" title="matplotlib.pyplot.subplot"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">subplot()</code></a>,

but uses 0-based indexing and let subplot to occupy multiple cells.

This function is not covered in this tutorial.</dd>

</dl>

</div></blockquote>

<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>import matplotlib

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import matplotlib.gridspec as gridspec

</pre></div>

</div>

<h2>Basic Quickstart Guide<a class="headerlink" href="#basic-quickstart-guide" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>

These first two examples show how to create a basic 2-by-2 grid using

both <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">subplots()</code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/gridspec_api.html#module-matplotlib.gridspec" title="matplotlib.gridspec"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">gridspec</code></a>.

Using <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">subplots()</code></a> is quite simple.

It returns a <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.figure.Figure.html#matplotlib.figure.Figure" title="matplotlib.figure.Figure"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">Figure</code></a> instance and an array of

<a class="reference internal" href="../../api/axes_api.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes" title="matplotlib.axes.Axes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">Axes</code></a> objects.

<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>fig1, f1_axes = <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots">plt.subplots</a>(ncols=2, nrows=2, constrained_layout=True)

</pre></div>

</div>

For a simple use case such as this, <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/gridspec_api.html#module-matplotlib.gridspec" title="matplotlib.gridspec"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">gridspec</code></a> is

perhaps overly verbose.

You have to create the figure and <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec.html#matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec" title="matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">GridSpec</code></a>

instance separately, then pass elements of gridspec instance to the

<a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.figure.Figure.html#matplotlib.figure.Figure.add_subplot" title="matplotlib.figure.Figure.add_subplot"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">add_subplot()</code></a> method to create the axes

objects.

The elements of the gridspec are accessed in generally the same manner as

numpy arrays.

<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>fig2 = <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.figure.html#matplotlib.pyplot.figure" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.figure">plt.figure</a>(constrained_layout=True)

spec2 = <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec.html#matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec" title="View documentation for matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec">gridspec.GridSpec</a>(ncols=2, nrows=2, figure=fig2)

f2_ax1 = fig2.add_subplot(spec2[0, 0])

f2_ax2 = fig2.add_subplot(spec2[0, 1])

f2_ax3 = fig2.add_subplot(spec2[1, 0])

f2_ax4 = fig2.add_subplot(spec2[1, 1])

</pre></div>

</div>

The power of gridspec comes in being able to create subplots that span

rows and columns. Note the

<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/arrays.indexing.html">Numpy slice</a>

syntax for selecting the part of the gridspec each subplot will occupy.

Note that we have also used the convenience method <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.figure.Figure.html#matplotlib.figure.Figure.add_gridspec" title="matplotlib.figure.Figure.add_gridspec"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">Figure.add_gridspec</code></a>

instead of <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec.html#matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec" title="matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">gridspec.GridSpec</code></a>, potentially saving the user an import,

and keeping the namespace cleaner.

<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>fig3 = <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.figure.html#matplotlib.pyplot.figure" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.figure">plt.figure</a>(constrained_layout=True)

gs = fig3.add_gridspec(3, 3)

f3_ax1 = fig3.add_subplot(gs[0, :])

f3_ax1.set_title('gs[0, :]')

f3_ax2 = fig3.add_subplot(gs[1, :-1])

f3_ax2.set_title('gs[1, :-1]')

f3_ax3 = fig3.add_subplot(gs[1:, -1])

f3_ax3.set_title('gs[1:, -1]')

f3_ax4 = fig3.add_subplot(gs[-1, 0])

f3_ax4.set_title('gs[-1, 0]')

f3_ax5 = fig3.add_subplot(gs[-1, -2])

f3_ax5.set_title('gs[-1, -2]')

</pre></div>

</div>

<a class="reference internal" href="../../api/gridspec_api.html#module-matplotlib.gridspec" title="matplotlib.gridspec"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">gridspec</code></a> is also indispensable for creating subplots

of different widths via a couple of methods.

The method shown here is similar to the one above and initializes a

uniform grid specification,

and then uses numpy indexing and slices to allocate multiple

"cells" for a given subplot.

<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>fig4 = <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.figure.html#matplotlib.pyplot.figure" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.figure">plt.figure</a>(constrained_layout=True)

spec4 = fig4.add_gridspec(ncols=2, nrows=2)

anno_opts = dict(xy=(0.5, 0.5), xycoords='axes fraction',

va='center', ha='center')

f4_ax1 = fig4.add_subplot(spec4[0, 0])

f4_ax1.annotate('GridSpec[0, 0]', **anno_opts)

fig4.add_subplot(spec4[0, 1]).annotate('GridSpec[0, 1:]', **anno_opts)

fig4.add_subplot(spec4[1, 0]).annotate('GridSpec[1:, 0]', **anno_opts)

fig4.add_subplot(spec4[1, 1]).annotate('GridSpec[1:, 1:]', **anno_opts)

</pre></div>

</div>

Another option is to use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">width_ratios</code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">height_ratios</code>

parameters. These keyword arguments are lists of numbers.

Note that absolute values are meaningless, only their relative ratios

matter. That means that <code class="docutils literal notranslate">width_ratios=[2, 4, 8]</code> is equivalent to

<code class="docutils literal notranslate">width_ratios=[1, 2, 4]</code> within equally wide figures.

For the sake of demonstration, we'll blindly create the axes within

<code class="docutils literal notranslate">for</code> loops since we won't need them later.

<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>fig5 = <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.figure.html#matplotlib.pyplot.figure" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.figure">plt.figure</a>(constrained_layout=True)

widths = [2, 3, 1.5]

heights = [1, 3, 2]

spec5 = fig5.add_gridspec(ncols=3, nrows=3, width_ratios=widths,

height_ratios=heights)

for row in range(3):

for col in range(3):

ax = fig5.add_subplot(spec5[row, col])

label = 'Width: {}\nHeight: {}'.format(widths[col], heights[row])

ax.annotate(label, (0.1, 0.5), xycoords='axes fraction', va='center')

</pre></div>

</div>

Learning to use <code class="docutils literal notranslate">width_ratios</code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">height_ratios</code> is particularly

useful since the top-level function <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">subplots()</code></a>

accepts them within the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">gridspec_kw</code> parameter.

For that matter, any parameter accepted by

<a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec.html#matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec" title="matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">GridSpec</code></a> can be passed to

<a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">subplots()</code></a> via the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">gridspec_kw</code> parameter.

This example recreates the previous figure without directly using a

gridspec instance.

<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>gs_kw = dict(width_ratios=widths, height_ratios=heights)

fig6, f6_axes = <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots">plt.subplots</a>(ncols=3, nrows=3, constrained_layout=True,

gridspec_kw=gs_kw)

for r, row in enumerate(f6_axes):

for c, ax in enumerate(row):

label = 'Width: {}\nHeight: {}'.format(widths[c], heights[r])

</pre></div>

</div>

The <code class="docutils literal notranslate">subplots</code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">gridspec</code> methods can be combined since it is

sometimes more convenient to make most of the subplots using <code class="docutils literal notranslate">subplots</code>

and then remove some and combine them. Here we create a layout with

the bottom two axes in the last column combined.

<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>fig7, f7_axs = <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots">plt.subplots</a>(ncols=3, nrows=3)

gs = f7_axs[1, 2].get_gridspec()

# remove the underlying axes

for ax in f7_axs[1:, -1]:

ax.remove()

axbig = fig7.add_subplot(gs[1:, -1])

axbig.annotate('Big Axes \nGridSpec[1:, -1]', (0.1, 0.5),

xycoords='axes fraction', va='center')

fig7.tight_layout()

</pre></div>

</div>

</div>

<h2>Fine Adjustments to a Gridspec Layout<a class="headerlink" href="#fine-adjustments-to-a-gridspec-layout" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>

When a GridSpec is explicitly used, you can adjust the layout

parameters of subplots that are created from the GridSpec. Note this

option is not compatible with <code class="docutils literal notranslate">constrained_layout</code> or

<a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.figure.Figure.html#matplotlib.figure.Figure.tight_layout" title="matplotlib.figure.Figure.tight_layout"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">Figure.tight_layout</code></a> which both adjust subplot sizes to fill the

figure.

<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>fig8 = <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.figure.html#matplotlib.pyplot.figure" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.figure">plt.figure</a>(constrained_layout=False)

gs1 = fig8.add_gridspec(nrows=3, ncols=3, left=0.05, right=0.48, wspace=0.05)

f8_ax1 = fig8.add_subplot(gs1[:-1, :])

f8_ax2 = fig8.add_subplot(gs1[-1, :-1])

f8_ax3 = fig8.add_subplot(gs1[-1, -1])

</pre></div>

</div>

This is similar to <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots_adjust.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots_adjust" title="matplotlib.pyplot.subplots_adjust"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">subplots_adjust()</code></a>, but it only

affects the subplots that are created from the given GridSpec.

For example, compare the left and right sides of this figure:

<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>fig9 = <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.figure.html#matplotlib.pyplot.figure" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.figure">plt.figure</a>(constrained_layout=False)

gs1 = fig9.add_gridspec(nrows=3, ncols=3, left=0.05, right=0.48,

wspace=0.05)

f9_ax1 = fig9.add_subplot(gs1[:-1, :])

f9_ax2 = fig9.add_subplot(gs1[-1, :-1])

f9_ax3 = fig9.add_subplot(gs1[-1, -1])

gs2 = fig9.add_gridspec(nrows=3, ncols=3, left=0.55, right=0.98,

hspace=0.05)

f9_ax4 = fig9.add_subplot(gs2[:, :-1])

f9_ax5 = fig9.add_subplot(gs2[:-1, -1])

f9_ax6 = fig9.add_subplot(gs2[-1, -1])

</pre></div>

</div>

</div>

<h2>GridSpec using SubplotSpec<a class="headerlink" href="#gridspec-using-subplotspec" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>

You can create GridSpec from the <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.gridspec.SubplotSpec.html#matplotlib.gridspec.SubplotSpec" title="matplotlib.gridspec.SubplotSpec"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">SubplotSpec</code></a>,

in which case its layout parameters are set to that of the location of

the given SubplotSpec.

Note this is also available from the more verbose

<a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec.html#matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec" title="matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate">gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec</code></a>.

<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>fig10 = <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.figure.html#matplotlib.pyplot.figure" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.figure">plt.figure</a>(constrained_layout=True)

gs0 = fig10.add_gridspec(1, 2)

gs00 = gs0[0].subgridspec(2, 3)

gs01 = gs0[1].subgridspec(3, 2)

for a in range(2):

for b in range(3):

fig10.add_subplot(gs00[a, b])

fig10.add_subplot(gs01[b, a])

</pre></div>

</div>

</div>

<h2>A Complex Nested GridSpec using SubplotSpec<a class="headerlink" href="#a-complex-nested-gridspec-using-subplotspec" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>

Here's a more sophisticated example of nested GridSpec where we put

a box around each cell of the outer 4x4 grid, by hiding appropriate

spines in each of the inner 3x3 grids.

<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>import numpy as np

from itertools import product

def squiggle_xy(a, b, c, d, i=<a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.arange.html#numpy.arange" title="View documentation for numpy.arange">np.arange</a>(0.0, 2*<a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/constants.html#numpy.pi" title="View documentation for numpy.pi">np.pi</a>, 0.05)):

return <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.sin.html#numpy.sin" title="View documentation for numpy.sin">np.sin</a>(i*a)*<a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.cos.html#numpy.cos" title="View documentation for numpy.cos">np.cos</a>(i*b), <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.sin.html#numpy.sin" title="View documentation for numpy.sin">np.sin</a>(i*c)*<a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.cos.html#numpy.cos" title="View documentation for numpy.cos">np.cos</a>(i*d)

fig11 = <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.figure.html#matplotlib.pyplot.figure" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.figure">plt.figure</a>(figsize=(8, 8), constrained_layout=False)

# gridspec inside gridspec

outer_grid = fig11.add_gridspec(4, 4, wspace=0.0, hspace=0.0)

for i in range(16):

inner_grid = outer_grid[i].subgridspec(3, 3, wspace=0.0, hspace=0.0)

a, b = int(i/4)+1, i % 4+1

for j, (c, d) in enumerate(product(range(1, 4), repeat=2)):

ax = fig11.add_subplot(inner_grid[j])

ax.plot(*squiggle_xy(a, b, c, d))

ax.set_xticks([])

ax.set_yticks([])

fig11.add_subplot(ax)

all_axes = fig11.get_axes()

# show only the outside spines

for ax in all_axes:

for sp in ax.spines.values():

sp.set_visible(False)

if ax.is_first_row():

ax.spines['top'].set_visible(True)

if ax.is_last_row():

ax.spines['bottom'].set_visible(True)

if ax.is_first_col():

ax.spines['left'].set_visible(True)

if ax.is_last_col():

ax.spines['right'].set_visible(True)

<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.show">plt.show</a>()

</pre></div>

</div>

<h3>References<a class="headerlink" href="#references" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>

The usage of the following functions and methods is shown in this example:

<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots">matplotlib.pyplot.subplots</a>

<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.figure.Figure.html#matplotlib.figure.Figure.add_gridspec" title="View documentation for matplotlib.figure.Figure.add_gridspec">matplotlib.figure.Figure.add_gridspec</a>

<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.figure.Figure.html#matplotlib.figure.Figure.add_subplot" title="View documentation for matplotlib.figure.Figure.add_subplot">matplotlib.figure.Figure.add_subplot</a>

<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec.html#matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec" title="View documentation for matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec">matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec</a>

<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.gridspec.SubplotSpec.html#matplotlib.gridspec.SubplotSpec.subgridspec" title="View documentation for matplotlib.gridspec.SubplotSpec.subgridspec">matplotlib.gridspec.SubplotSpec.subgridspec</a>

<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec.html#matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec" title="View documentation for matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec">matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec</a>

</pre></div>

</div>

Total running time of the script: ( 0 minutes 4.891 seconds)

<a class="reference download internal" download="" href="../../_downloads/0f0bc87ad503cf157cb05b7a11ef9cc3/gridspec.py"><code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate">Download Python source code: gridspec.py</code></a></div>

<a class="reference download internal" download="" href="../../_downloads/d457e32c49a4576ef7a9bc7ebac77d62/gridspec.ipynb"><code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate">Download Jupyter notebook: gridspec.ipynb</code></a></div>

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Keywords: matplotlib code example, codex, python plot, pyplot

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