fcct.github.io/index.html at master · ayaneshsarkar/fcct.github.io

History

461 lines (343 loc) · 19.7 KB

Raw

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

148

149

150

151

152

153

154

155

156

157

158

159

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

167

168

169

170

171

172

173

174

175

176

177

178

179

180

181

182

183

184

185

186

187

188

189

190

191

192

193

194

195

196

197

198

199

200

201

202

203

204

205

206

207

208

209

210

211

212

213

214

215

216

217

218

219

220

221

222

223

224

225

226

227

228

229

230

231

232

233

234

235

236

237

238

239

240

241

242

243

244

245

246

247

248

249

250

251

252

253

254

255

256

257

258

259

260

261

262

263

264

265

266

267

268

269

270

271

272

273

274

275

276

277

278

279

280

281

282

283

284

285

286

287

288

289

290

291

292

293

294

295

296

297

298

299

300

301

302

303

304

305

306

307

308

309

310

311

312

313

314

315

316

317

318

319

320

321

322

323

324

325

326

327

328

329

330

331

332

333

334

335

336

337

338

339

340

341

342

343

344

345

346

347

348

349

350

351

352

353

354

355

356

357

358

359

360

361

362

363

364

365

366

367

368

369

370

371

372

373

374

375

376

377

378

379

380

381

382

383

384

385

386

387

388

389

390

391

392

393

394

395

396

397

398

399

400

401

402

403

404

405

406

407

408

409

410

411

412

413

414

415

416

417

418

419

420

421

422

423

424

425

426

427

428

429

430

431

432

433

434

435

436

437

438

439

440

441

442

443

444

445

446

447

448

449

450

451

452

453

454

455

456

457

458

459

460

461

<!DOCTYPE html>

<head>

<title>FCC Technical Documentation Page</title>

</head>

<body>

<header class="navbar__header"><h2>PHP Documentation</h2></header>

<ul>

<li><a class="navbar__link nav-link" href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>

<li><a class="navbar__link nav-link" href="#What_you_should_already_know">What you should already know</a></li>

<li><a class="navbar__link nav-link" href="#PHP_Install">PHP Install</a></li>

<li><a class="navbar__link nav-link" href="#PHP_Syntax">PHP Syntax</a></li>

<li><a class="navbar__link nav-link" href="#PHP_Variables">PHP Variables</a></li>

<li><a class="navbar__link nav-link" href="#PHP_Echo_Print">PHP Echo Print</a></li>

<li><a class="navbar__link nav-link" href="#PHP_Data_Types">PHP Data Types</a></li>

<li><a class="navbar__link nav-link" href="#PHP_Strings">PHP Strings</a></li>

<li><a class="navbar__link nav-link" href="#PHP_Constants">PHP Constants</a></li>

<li><a class="navbar__link nav-link" href="#PHP_Operators">PHP Operators</a></li>

<li><a class="navbar__link nav-link" href="#PHP_If_Else_Elseif">PHP If Else Elseif</a></li>

<li><a class="navbar__link nav-link" href="#PHP_Switch">PHP Switch</a></li>

<li><a class="navbar__link nav-link" href="#PHP_While_Loops">PHP While Loops</a></li>

<li><a class="navbar__link nav-link" href="#PHP_For_Loops">PHP For Loops</a></li>

<li><a class="navbar__link nav-link" href="#PHP_Functions">PHP Functions</a></li>

<li><a class="navbar__link nav-link" href="#PHP_Arrays">PHP Arrays</a></li>

<li><a class="navbar__link nav-link" href="#PHP_Sorting_Arrays">PHP Sorting Arrays</a></li>

<li><a class="navbar__link nav-link" href="#PHP_Super_Globals">PHP Super Globals</a></li>

<li><a class="navbar__link nav-link" href="#Reference">Reference</a></li>

</ul>

</nav>

<header>Introduction</header>

<p>PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (or simply PHP) is a server-side scripting language designed for Web development, but also used as a general-purpose programming language. It was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994, the PHP reference implementation is now produced by The PHP Group. PHP originally stood for Personal Home Page, but it now stands for the recursive acronym PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor.</p>

<p>PHP code may be embedded into HTML code, or it can be used in combination with various web template systems, web content management systems, and web frameworks. PHP code is usually processed by a PHP interpreter implemented as a module in the web server or as a Common Gateway Interface (CGI) executable. The web server combines the results of the interpreted and executed PHP code, which may be any type of data, including images, with the generated web page. PHP code may also be executed with a command-line interface (CLI) and can be used to implement standalone graphical applications.</p>

<p>The standard PHP interpreter, powered by the Zend Engine, is free software released under the PHP License. PHP has been widely ported and can be deployed on most web servers on almost every operating system and platform, free of charge.</p>

<p>The PHP language evolved without a written formal specification or standard until 2014, with the original implementation acting as the de facto standard which other implementations aimed to follow. Since 2014 work has gone on to create a formal PHP specification.</p>

<p>During the 2010s there have been increased efforts towards standardisation and code sharing in PHP applications by projects such as PHP-FIG in the form of PSR initiatives as well as the Composer dependency manager and associated Packagist repository. PHP hosts a diverse array of web frameworks requiring framework-specific knowledge, with Laravel recently emerging as a popular option by incorporating ideas made popular from other competing non-PHP web frameworks, like Ruby on Rails.</p>

</article>

</section>

<header>What you should already know</header>

<p><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i>Advanced knowledge of Hyper Text Markup Language<i class="fab fa-html5 fa-x"></i></p>

<p><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i>Advanced knowledge of Cascading Style Sheet<i class="fab fa-css3-alt fa-x"></i></p>

<p><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i>Advanced knowledge of Javascript<i class="fab fa-js-square fa-x"></i></p>

</article>

</section>

<header>PHP Install</header>

<li><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i>Install a web server (i.e. <a href="https://www.apachefriends.org/download.html" target="_blank">XAMPP</a>)</li>

<li><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i>Install PHP</li>

<li><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i>Install a database, such as MySQL</li>

</article>

</section>

<header>PHP Syntax</header>

<li>A PHP script can be placed anywhere in the document.</li>

<li>Here is an exmple of PHP Syntax</li>

<code>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<body>

<h1>My first PHP page</h1>

<?php

echo "Hello World!";

</body>

</html>

</code>

</article>

</section>

<header>PHP Variables</header>

<li>In PHP, a variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the name of the variable:</li>

<code>

<?php

&<36;txt = "Hello world!";

$x = 5;

$y = 10.5;

</code>

<li>After the execution of the statements above, the variable <strong>$txt</strong> will hold the value <strong>Hello world!,</strong> the variable <strong>$x</strong> will hold the value <strong>5,</strong> and the variable <strong>$y</strong> will hold the value <strong>10.5.</strong></li>

<li><strong>Note:</strong> When you assign a text value to a variable, put quotes around the value.</li>

<li><strong>Note:</strong> Unlike other programming languages, PHP has no command for declaring a variable. It is created the moment you first assign a value to it.</li>

</article>

</section>

<header>PHP Echo Print</header>

<p>The <strong>echo</strong> statement can be used with or without parentheses: <strong>echo</strong> or <strong>echo().</strong></p>

<p>The following example shows how to output text with the echo command (notice that the text can contain HTML markup): </p>

<code>

<?php

echo "<h2>PHP is Fun!</h2>";

echo "Hello world!<br>";

echo "I'm about to learn PHP!<br>";

echo "This ", "string ", "was ", "made ", "with multiple parameters.";

</code>

</article>

</section>

<header>PHP Data Types</header>

<p>Variables can store data of different types, and different data types can do different things.</p>

<p>PHP supports the following data types: </p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i>String</p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i>Integer</p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i>Float (floating point numbers - also called double)</p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i>Boolean</p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i>Array</p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i>Object</p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i>Resource</p>

</article>

</section>

<header>PHP Strings</header>

<p>PHP Strings are which words/numbers placed inside the <strong>""</strong></p>

<p>Here's an example: </p>

<code>

<?php

echo "Hello world!";

</code>

<p>Here, <strong>"Hello, world"</strong> is a string</p>

</article>

</section>

<header>PHP Constants</header>

<p>A constant is an identifier (name) for a simple value. The value cannot be changed during the script.</p>

<p>A valid constant name starts with a letter or underscore (no $ sign before the constant name).</p>

<p><strong>Note:</strong> Unlike variables, constants are automatically global across the entire script.</p>

<p>To create a constant, use the <strong>define()</strong> function.</p>

<code>

<?php

define("GREETING", "Welcome to W3Schools.com!");

echo GREETING;

</code>

</article>

</section>

<header>PHP Operators</header>

<p>Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.</p>

<p>PHP divides the operators in the following groups: </p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i>Arithmetic operators</p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i>Assignment operators</p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i>Comparison operators</p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i>Increment/Decrement operators</p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i>Logical operators</p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i>String operators</p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i>Array operators</p>

</article>

</section>

<header>PHP If Else Elseif</header>

<p>Very often when you write code, you want to perform different actions for different conditions. You can use conditional statements in your code to do this.</p>

<p>In PHP we have the following conditional statements: </p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i><strong>if</strong> statement - executes some code if one condition is true</p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i><strong>if...else</strong>statement - executes some code if a condition is true and another code if that condition is false</p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i><strong>if...elseif....else</strong> statement - executes different codes for more than two conditions</p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i><strong>switch</strong> statement - selects one of many blocks of code to be executed</p>

<p>Here is an example: </p>

<code>

<&quest;php

$t = date("H");

if ($t < "10") {

echo "Have a good morning!";

} elseif ($t < "20") {

echo "Have a good day!";

} else {

echo "Have a good night!";

}

&quest;>

</code>

</article>

</section>

<header>PHP Switch</header>

<p>Use the <strong>switch</strong> statement to select one of many blocks of code to be executed.</p>

<p>This is how it works: First we have a single expression <em>n</em> (most often a variable), that is evaluated once. The value of the expression is then compared with the values for each case in the structure. If there is a match, the block of code associated with that case is executed. Use <strong>break</strong> to prevent the code from running into the next case automatically. The <strong>default</strong> statement is used if no match is found.</p>

<p>Here is an example: </p>

<code>

<&quest;php

$favcolor = "red";

switch ($favcolor) {

case "red":

echo "Your favorite color is red!";

break;

case "blue":

echo "Your favorite color is blue!";

break;

case "green":

echo "Your favorite color is green!";

break;

default:

echo "Your favorite color is neither red, blue, nor green!";

}

&quest;>

</code>

</article>

</section>

<header>PHP While Loops</header>

<p>PHP while loops execute a block of code while the specified condition is true.</p>

<p>Often when you write code, you want the same block of code to run over and over again in a row. Instead of adding several almost equal code-lines in a script, we can use loops to perform a task like this.</p>

<p>In PHP, we have the following looping statements: </p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i><strong>while</strong> - loops through a block of code as long as the specified condition is true</p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i><strong>do...while</strong> - loops through a block of code once, and then repeats the loop as long as the specified condition is true</p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i><strong>for</strong> - loops through a block of code a specified number of times</p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i><strong>foreach</strong> - loops through a block of code for each element in an array</p>

<p>The example below first sets a variable $x to 1 ($x = 1). Then, the while loop will continue to run as long as $x is less than, or equal to 5 ($x <= 5). $x will increase by 1 each time the loop runs ($x++): </p>

<code>

<&quest;php

$x = 1;

while($x <= 5) {

echo "The number is: $x";

$x++;

}

&quest;>

</code>

</article>

</section>

<header>PHP For Loops</header>

<p>PHP <strong>for</strong> loops execute a block of code a specified number of times.</p>

<p>The <strong>for</strong> loop is used when you know in advance how many times the script should run.</p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i><em>init counter:</em> Initialize the loop counter value</p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i><em>test counter:</em> Evaluated for each loop iteration. If it evaluates to TRUE, the loop continues. If it evaluates to FALSE, the loop ends.</p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i><em>increment counter:</em> Increases the loop counter value</p>

<p>The example below displays the numbers from 0 to 10: </p>

<code>

<&quest;php

for ($x = 0; $x <= 10; $x++) {

echo "The number is: $x";

}

&quest;>

</code>

</article>

</section>

<header>PHP Functions</header>

<p>The real power of PHP comes from its functions; it has more than 1000 built-in functions.</p>

<p>Besides the built-in PHP functions, we can create our own functions.</p>

<p>A function is a block of statements that can be used repeatedly in a program.</p>

<p>A function will not execute immediately when a page loads.</p>

<p>A function will be executed by a call to the function.</p>

<p>A user-defined function declaration starts with the word <strong>function</strong></p>

<p>Function names are NOT case-sensitive.</p>

<p><strong>Note:</strong> A function name can start with a letter or underscore (not a number).</p>

<p><strong>Tip:</strong> Give the function a name that reflects what the function does!</p>

<p>In the example below, we create a function named "writeMsg()". The opening curly brace ( { ) indicates the beginning of the function code and the closing curly brace ( } ) indicates the end of the function. The function outputs "Hello world!". To call the function, just write its name: </p>

<code>

<&quest;php

function writeMsg() {

echo "Hello world!";

}

writeMsg(); // call the function

&quest;>

</code>

</article>

</section>

<header>PHP Arrays</header>

<p>An array stores multiple values in one single variable: </p>

<code>

<&quest;php

$cars = array("Volvo", "BMW", "Toyota");

echo "I like " . $cars[0] . ", " . $cars[1] . " and " . $cars[2] . ".";

&quest;>

</code>

</article>

</section>

<header>PHP Sorting Arrays</header>

<p>In this chapter, we will go through the following PHP array sort functions: </p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i><strong>sort()</strong> - sort arrays in ascending order</p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i><strong>rsort()</strong> - sort arrays in descending order</p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i><strong>asort()</strong> - sort associative arrays in ascending order, according to the value</p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i><strong>ksort()</strong> - sort associative arrays in ascending order, according to the key</p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i><strong>arsort()</strong> - sort associative arrays in descending order, according to the value</p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i><strong>krsort()</strong> - sort associative arrays in descending order, according to the key</p>

<p>The following example sorts the elements of the $cars array in ascending alphabetical order: </p>

<code>

<&quest;php

$cars = array("Volvo", "BMW", "Toyota");

sort($cars);

&quest;>

</code>

</article>

</section>

<header>PHP Super Globals</header>

<p>Several predefined variables in PHP are "superglobals", which means that they are always accessible, regardless of scope - and you can access them from any function, class or file without having to do anything special.</p>

<p>The PHP superglobal variables are: </p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i>$GLOBALS</p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i>$_SERVER</p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i>$_REQUEST</p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i>$_FILES</p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i>$_COOKIE</p>

<p class="special"><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i>$_SESSION</p>

</article>

</section>

<header>Reference</header>

<p><i class="fas fa-circle fa-2x"></i>All the documentation in this page is taken from <a href="https://www.w3schools.com" target="_blank">W3SCHOOLS.</a></p>

</article>

</section>

</main>

<!-- <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.3.1.slim.min.js" integrity="sha384-q8i/X+965DzO0rT7abK41JStQIAqVgRVzpbzo5smXKp4YfRvH+8abtTE1Pi6jizo" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>

</body>

</html>

Provide feedback

Saved searches

Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly

FilesExpand file tree

index.html

Latest commit

History

index.html

File metadata and controls