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pyobject.cs
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1443 lines (1273 loc) · 47.7 KB
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using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Dynamic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Linq.Expressions;
namespace Python.Runtime
{
/// <summary>
/// Represents a generic Python object. The methods of this class are
/// generally equivalent to the Python "abstract object API". See
/// PY2: https://docs.python.org/2/c-api/object.html
/// PY3: https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/object.html
/// for details.
/// </summary>
[Serializable]
public partial class PyObject : DynamicObject, IEnumerable<PyObject>, IDisposable
{
#if TRACE_ALLOC
/// <summary>
/// Trace stack for PyObject's construction
/// </summary>
public StackTrace Traceback { get; private set; }
#endif
protected internal IntPtr obj = IntPtr.Zero;
internal BorrowedReference Reference => new BorrowedReference(obj);
/// <summary>
/// PyObject Constructor
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Creates a new PyObject from an IntPtr object reference. Note that
/// the PyObject instance assumes ownership of the object reference
/// and the reference will be DECREFed when the PyObject is garbage
/// collected or explicitly disposed.
/// </remarks>
public PyObject(IntPtr ptr)
{
if (ptr == IntPtr.Zero) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(ptr));
obj = ptr;
Finalizer.Instance.ThrottledCollect();
#if TRACE_ALLOC
Traceback = new StackTrace(1);
#endif
}
[Obsolete("for testing purposes only")]
internal PyObject(IntPtr ptr, bool skipCollect)
{
if (ptr == IntPtr.Zero) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(ptr));
obj = ptr;
if (!skipCollect)
Finalizer.Instance.ThrottledCollect();
#if TRACE_ALLOC
Traceback = new StackTrace(1);
#endif
}
/// <summary>
/// Creates new <see cref="PyObject"/> pointing to the same object as
/// the <paramref name="reference"/>. Increments refcount, allowing <see cref="PyObject"/>
/// to have ownership over its own reference.
/// </summary>
internal PyObject(BorrowedReference reference)
{
if (reference.IsNull) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(reference));
obj = Runtime.SelfIncRef(reference.DangerousGetAddress());
Finalizer.Instance.ThrottledCollect();
#if TRACE_ALLOC
Traceback = new StackTrace(1);
#endif
}
// Ensure that encapsulated Python object is decref'ed appropriately
// when the managed wrapper is garbage-collected.
~PyObject()
{
if (obj == IntPtr.Zero)
{
return;
}
Finalizer.Instance.AddFinalizedObject(ref obj);
}
/// <summary>
/// Handle Property
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Gets the native handle of the underlying Python object. This
/// value is generally for internal use by the PythonNet runtime.
/// </remarks>
public IntPtr Handle
{
get { return obj; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets raw Python proxy for this object (bypasses all conversions,
/// except <c>null</c> <==> <c>None</c>)
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Given an arbitrary managed object, return a Python instance that
/// reflects the managed object.
/// </remarks>
public static PyObject FromManagedObject(object ob)
{
// Special case: if ob is null, we return None.
if (ob == null)
{
Runtime.XIncref(Runtime.PyNone);
return new PyObject(Runtime.PyNone);
}
IntPtr op = CLRObject.GetInstHandle(ob);
return new PyObject(op);
}
/// <summary>
/// AsManagedObject Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Return a managed object of the given type, based on the
/// value of the Python object.
/// </remarks>
public object AsManagedObject(Type t)
{
object result;
if (!Converter.ToManaged(obj, t, out result, true))
{
throw new InvalidCastException("cannot convert object to target type", new PythonException());
}
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// As Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Return a managed object of the given type, based on the
/// value of the Python object.
/// </remarks>
public T As<T>()
{
if (typeof(T) == typeof(PyObject) || typeof(T) == typeof(object))
{
return (T)(this as object);
}
return (T)AsManagedObject(typeof(T));
}
/// <summary>
/// Dispose Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// The Dispose method provides a way to explicitly release the
/// Python object represented by a PyObject instance. It is a good
/// idea to call Dispose on PyObjects that wrap resources that are
/// limited or need strict lifetime control. Otherwise, references
/// to Python objects will not be released until a managed garbage
/// collection occurs.
/// </remarks>
protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (this.obj == IntPtr.Zero)
{
return;
}
if (Runtime.Py_IsInitialized() == 0)
throw new InvalidOperationException("Python runtime must be initialized");
if (!Runtime.IsFinalizing)
{
long refcount = Runtime.Refcount(this.obj);
Debug.Assert(refcount > 0, "Object refcount is 0 or less");
if (refcount == 1)
{
Runtime.PyErr_Fetch(out var errType, out var errVal, out var traceback);
try
{
Runtime.XDecref(this.obj);
Runtime.CheckExceptionOccurred();
}
finally
{
// Python requires finalizers to preserve exception:
// https://docs.python.org/3/extending/newtypes.html#finalization-and-de-allocation
Runtime.PyErr_Restore(errType, errVal, traceback);
}
}
else
{
Runtime.XDecref(this.obj);
}
}
else
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("Runtime is already finalizing");
}
this.obj = IntPtr.Zero;
}
public void Dispose()
{
Dispose(true);
GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
}
/// <summary>
/// GetPythonType Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Returns the Python type of the object. This method is equivalent
/// to the Python expression: type(object).
/// </remarks>
public PyObject GetPythonType()
{
IntPtr tp = Runtime.PyObject_Type(obj);
return new PyObject(tp);
}
/// <summary>
/// TypeCheck Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Returns true if the object o is of type typeOrClass or a subtype
/// of typeOrClass.
/// </remarks>
public bool TypeCheck(PyObject typeOrClass)
{
if (typeOrClass == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(typeOrClass));
return Runtime.PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, typeOrClass.obj);
}
/// <summary>
/// HasAttr Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Returns true if the object has an attribute with the given name.
/// </remarks>
public bool HasAttr(string name)
{
if (name == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(name));
return Runtime.PyObject_HasAttrString(Reference, name) != 0;
}
/// <summary>
/// HasAttr Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Returns true if the object has an attribute with the given name,
/// where name is a PyObject wrapping a string or unicode object.
/// </remarks>
public bool HasAttr(PyObject name)
{
if (name == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(name));
return Runtime.PyObject_HasAttr(Reference, name.Reference) != 0;
}
/// <summary>
/// GetAttr Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Returns the named attribute of the Python object, or raises a
/// PythonException if the attribute access fails.
/// </remarks>
public PyObject GetAttr(string name)
{
if (name == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(name));
IntPtr op = Runtime.PyObject_GetAttrString(obj, name);
if (op == IntPtr.Zero)
{
throw new PythonException();
}
return new PyObject(op);
}
/// <summary>
/// GetAttr Method. Returns fallback value if getting attribute fails for any reason.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Returns the named attribute of the Python object, or the given
/// default object if the attribute access fails.
/// </remarks>
public PyObject GetAttr(string name, PyObject _default)
{
if (name == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(name));
IntPtr op = Runtime.PyObject_GetAttrString(obj, name);
if (op == IntPtr.Zero)
{
Runtime.PyErr_Clear();
return _default;
}
return new PyObject(op);
}
/// <summary>
/// GetAttr Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Returns the named attribute of the Python object or raises a
/// PythonException if the attribute access fails. The name argument
/// is a PyObject wrapping a Python string or unicode object.
/// </remarks>
public PyObject GetAttr(PyObject name)
{
if (name == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(name));
IntPtr op = Runtime.PyObject_GetAttr(obj, name.obj);
if (op == IntPtr.Zero)
{
throw new PythonException();
}
return new PyObject(op);
}
/// <summary>
/// GetAttr Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Returns the named attribute of the Python object, or the given
/// default object if the attribute access fails. The name argument
/// is a PyObject wrapping a Python string or unicode object.
/// </remarks>
public PyObject GetAttr(PyObject name, PyObject _default)
{
if (name == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(name));
IntPtr op = Runtime.PyObject_GetAttr(obj, name.obj);
if (op == IntPtr.Zero)
{
Runtime.PyErr_Clear();
return _default;
}
return new PyObject(op);
}
/// <summary>
/// SetAttr Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Set an attribute of the object with the given name and value. This
/// method throws a PythonException if the attribute set fails.
/// </remarks>
public void SetAttr(string name, PyObject value)
{
if (name == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(name));
if (value == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value));
int r = Runtime.PyObject_SetAttrString(obj, name, value.obj);
if (r < 0)
{
throw new PythonException();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// SetAttr Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Set an attribute of the object with the given name and value,
/// where the name is a Python string or unicode object. This method
/// throws a PythonException if the attribute set fails.
/// </remarks>
public void SetAttr(PyObject name, PyObject value)
{
if (name == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(name));
if (value == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value));
int r = Runtime.PyObject_SetAttr(obj, name.obj, value.obj);
if (r < 0)
{
throw new PythonException();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// DelAttr Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Delete the named attribute of the Python object. This method
/// throws a PythonException if the attribute set fails.
/// </remarks>
public void DelAttr(string name)
{
if (name == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(name));
int r = Runtime.PyObject_SetAttrString(obj, name, IntPtr.Zero);
if (r < 0)
{
throw new PythonException();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// DelAttr Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Delete the named attribute of the Python object, where name is a
/// PyObject wrapping a Python string or unicode object. This method
/// throws a PythonException if the attribute set fails.
/// </remarks>
public void DelAttr(PyObject name)
{
if (name == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(name));
int r = Runtime.PyObject_SetAttr(obj, name.obj, IntPtr.Zero);
if (r < 0)
{
throw new PythonException();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// GetItem Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// For objects that support the Python sequence or mapping protocols,
/// return the item at the given object index. This method raises a
/// PythonException if the indexing operation fails.
/// </remarks>
public virtual PyObject GetItem(PyObject key)
{
if (key == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(key));
IntPtr op = Runtime.PyObject_GetItem(obj, key.obj);
if (op == IntPtr.Zero)
{
throw new PythonException();
}
return new PyObject(op);
}
/// <summary>
/// GetItem Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// For objects that support the Python sequence or mapping protocols,
/// return the item at the given string index. This method raises a
/// PythonException if the indexing operation fails.
/// </remarks>
public virtual PyObject GetItem(string key)
{
if (key == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(key));
using (var pyKey = new PyString(key))
{
return GetItem(pyKey);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// GetItem Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// For objects that support the Python sequence or mapping protocols,
/// return the item at the given numeric index. This method raises a
/// PythonException if the indexing operation fails.
/// </remarks>
public virtual PyObject GetItem(int index)
{
using (var key = new PyInt(index))
{
return GetItem(key);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// SetItem Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// For objects that support the Python sequence or mapping protocols,
/// set the item at the given object index to the given value. This
/// method raises a PythonException if the set operation fails.
/// </remarks>
public virtual void SetItem(PyObject key, PyObject value)
{
if (key == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(key));
if (value == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value));
int r = Runtime.PyObject_SetItem(obj, key.obj, value.obj);
if (r < 0)
{
throw new PythonException();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// SetItem Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// For objects that support the Python sequence or mapping protocols,
/// set the item at the given string index to the given value. This
/// method raises a PythonException if the set operation fails.
/// </remarks>
public virtual void SetItem(string key, PyObject value)
{
if (key == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(key));
if (value == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value));
using (var pyKey = new PyString(key))
{
SetItem(pyKey, value);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// SetItem Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// For objects that support the Python sequence or mapping protocols,
/// set the item at the given numeric index to the given value. This
/// method raises a PythonException if the set operation fails.
/// </remarks>
public virtual void SetItem(int index, PyObject value)
{
if (value == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value));
using (var pyindex = new PyInt(index))
{
SetItem(pyindex, value);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// DelItem Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// For objects that support the Python sequence or mapping protocols,
/// delete the item at the given object index. This method raises a
/// PythonException if the delete operation fails.
/// </remarks>
public virtual void DelItem(PyObject key)
{
if (key == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(key));
int r = Runtime.PyObject_DelItem(obj, key.obj);
if (r < 0)
{
throw new PythonException();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// DelItem Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// For objects that support the Python sequence or mapping protocols,
/// delete the item at the given string index. This method raises a
/// PythonException if the delete operation fails.
/// </remarks>
public virtual void DelItem(string key)
{
if (key == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(key));
using (var pyKey = new PyString(key))
{
DelItem(pyKey);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// DelItem Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// For objects that support the Python sequence or mapping protocols,
/// delete the item at the given numeric index. This method raises a
/// PythonException if the delete operation fails.
/// </remarks>
public virtual void DelItem(int index)
{
using (var pyindex = new PyInt(index))
{
DelItem(pyindex);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Length Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Returns the length for objects that support the Python sequence
/// protocol, or 0 if the object does not support the protocol.
/// </remarks>
public virtual long Length()
{
var s = Runtime.PyObject_Size(obj);
if (s < 0)
{
Runtime.PyErr_Clear();
return 0;
}
return s;
}
/// <summary>
/// String Indexer
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Provides a shorthand for the string versions of the GetItem and
/// SetItem methods.
/// </remarks>
public virtual PyObject this[string key]
{
get { return GetItem(key); }
set { SetItem(key, value); }
}
/// <summary>
/// PyObject Indexer
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Provides a shorthand for the object versions of the GetItem and
/// SetItem methods.
/// </remarks>
public virtual PyObject this[PyObject key]
{
get { return GetItem(key); }
set { SetItem(key, value); }
}
/// <summary>
/// Numeric Indexer
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Provides a shorthand for the numeric versions of the GetItem and
/// SetItem methods.
/// </remarks>
public virtual PyObject this[int index]
{
get { return GetItem(index); }
set { SetItem(index, value); }
}
/// <summary>
/// GetIterator Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Return a new (Python) iterator for the object. This is equivalent
/// to the Python expression "iter(object)". A PythonException will be
/// raised if the object cannot be iterated.
/// </remarks>
public PyObject GetIterator()
{
IntPtr r = Runtime.PyObject_GetIter(obj);
if (r == IntPtr.Zero)
{
throw new PythonException();
}
return new PyObject(r);
}
/// <summary>
/// GetEnumerator Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Return a new PyIter object for the object. This allows any iterable
/// python object to be iterated over in C#. A PythonException will be
/// raised if the object is not iterable.
/// </remarks>
public IEnumerator<PyObject> GetEnumerator()
{
return PyIter.GetIter(this);
}
IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() => this.GetEnumerator();
/// <summary>
/// Invoke Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Invoke the callable object with the given arguments, passed as a
/// PyObject[]. A PythonException is raised if the invocation fails.
/// </remarks>
public PyObject Invoke(params PyObject[] args)
{
if (args == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(args));
if (args.Contains(null)) throw new ArgumentNullException();
var t = new PyTuple(args);
IntPtr r = Runtime.PyObject_Call(obj, t.obj, IntPtr.Zero);
t.Dispose();
if (r == IntPtr.Zero)
{
throw new PythonException();
}
return new PyObject(r);
}
/// <summary>
/// Invoke Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Invoke the callable object with the given arguments, passed as a
/// Python tuple. A PythonException is raised if the invocation fails.
/// </remarks>
public PyObject Invoke(PyTuple args)
{
if (args == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(args));
IntPtr r = Runtime.PyObject_Call(obj, args.obj, IntPtr.Zero);
if (r == IntPtr.Zero)
{
throw new PythonException();
}
return new PyObject(r);
}
/// <summary>
/// Invoke Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Invoke the callable object with the given positional and keyword
/// arguments. A PythonException is raised if the invocation fails.
/// </remarks>
public PyObject Invoke(PyObject[] args, PyDict kw)
{
if (args == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(args));
if (args.Contains(null)) throw new ArgumentNullException();
var t = new PyTuple(args);
IntPtr r = Runtime.PyObject_Call(obj, t.obj, kw?.obj ?? IntPtr.Zero);
t.Dispose();
if (r == IntPtr.Zero)
{
throw new PythonException();
}
return new PyObject(r);
}
/// <summary>
/// Invoke Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Invoke the callable object with the given positional and keyword
/// arguments. A PythonException is raised if the invocation fails.
/// </remarks>
public PyObject Invoke(PyTuple args, PyDict kw)
{
if (args == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(args));
IntPtr r = Runtime.PyObject_Call(obj, args.obj, kw?.obj ?? IntPtr.Zero);
if (r == IntPtr.Zero)
{
throw new PythonException();
}
return new PyObject(r);
}
/// <summary>
/// InvokeMethod Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Invoke the named method of the object with the given arguments.
/// A PythonException is raised if the invocation is unsuccessful.
/// </remarks>
public PyObject InvokeMethod(string name, params PyObject[] args)
{
if (name == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(name));
if (args == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(args));
if (args.Contains(null)) throw new ArgumentNullException();
PyObject method = GetAttr(name);
PyObject result = method.Invoke(args);
method.Dispose();
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// InvokeMethod Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Invoke the named method of the object with the given arguments.
/// A PythonException is raised if the invocation is unsuccessful.
/// </remarks>
public PyObject InvokeMethod(string name, PyTuple args)
{
if (name == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(name));
if (args == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(args));
PyObject method = GetAttr(name);
PyObject result = method.Invoke(args);
method.Dispose();
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// InvokeMethod Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Invoke the named method of the object with the given arguments.
/// A PythonException is raised if the invocation is unsuccessful.
/// </remarks>
public PyObject InvokeMethod(PyObject name, params PyObject[] args)
{
if (name == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(name));
if (args == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(args));
if (args.Contains(null)) throw new ArgumentNullException();
PyObject method = GetAttr(name);
PyObject result = method.Invoke(args);
method.Dispose();
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// InvokeMethod Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Invoke the named method of the object with the given arguments.
/// A PythonException is raised if the invocation is unsuccessful.
/// </remarks>
public PyObject InvokeMethod(PyObject name, PyTuple args)
{
if (name == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(name));
if (args == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(args));
PyObject method = GetAttr(name);
PyObject result = method.Invoke(args);
method.Dispose();
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// InvokeMethod Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Invoke the named method of the object with the given arguments
/// and keyword arguments. Keyword args are passed as a PyDict object.
/// A PythonException is raised if the invocation is unsuccessful.
/// </remarks>
public PyObject InvokeMethod(string name, PyObject[] args, PyDict kw)
{
if (name == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(name));
if (args == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(args));
if (args.Contains(null)) throw new ArgumentNullException();
PyObject method = GetAttr(name);
PyObject result = method.Invoke(args, kw);
method.Dispose();
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// InvokeMethod Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Invoke the named method of the object with the given arguments
/// and keyword arguments. Keyword args are passed as a PyDict object.
/// A PythonException is raised if the invocation is unsuccessful.
/// </remarks>
public PyObject InvokeMethod(string name, PyTuple args, PyDict kw)
{
if (name == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(name));
if (args == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(args));
PyObject method = GetAttr(name);
PyObject result = method.Invoke(args, kw);
method.Dispose();
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// IsInstance Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Return true if the object is an instance of the given Python type
/// or class. This method always succeeds.
/// </remarks>
public bool IsInstance(PyObject typeOrClass)
{
if (typeOrClass == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(typeOrClass));
int r = Runtime.PyObject_IsInstance(obj, typeOrClass.obj);
if (r < 0)
{
Runtime.PyErr_Clear();
return false;
}
return r != 0;
}
/// <summary>
/// IsSubclass Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Return true if the object is identical to or derived from the
/// given Python type or class. This method always succeeds.
/// </remarks>
public bool IsSubclass(PyObject typeOrClass)
{
if (typeOrClass == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(typeOrClass));
int r = Runtime.PyObject_IsSubclass(obj, typeOrClass.obj);
if (r < 0)
{
Runtime.PyErr_Clear();
return false;
}
return r != 0;
}
/// <summary>
/// IsCallable Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Returns true if the object is a callable object. This method
/// always succeeds.
/// </remarks>
public bool IsCallable()
{
return Runtime.PyCallable_Check(obj) != 0;
}
/// <summary>
/// IsIterable Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Returns true if the object is iterable object. This method
/// always succeeds.
/// </remarks>
public bool IsIterable()
{
return Runtime.PyObject_IsIterable(obj);
}
/// <summary>
/// IsTrue Method
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Return true if the object is true according to Python semantics.
/// This method always succeeds.
/// </remarks>
public bool IsTrue()
{
return Runtime.PyObject_IsTrue(obj) != 0;
}
/// <summary>
/// Return true if the object is None
/// </summary>
public bool IsNone() => CheckNone(this) == null;
/// <summary>
/// Dir Method