if ((x & 1) == 0) {
x is even
} else {
x is odd
}
if (x & (1 << n)) {
n-th bit is set
} else {
n-th bit is not set
}
y = x | (1 << n)
y = x & ~(1 << n)
y = x ^ (1 << n)
y = x & (x - 1)
y = x & (-x)
y = x | (x - 1)
y = ~x & (x + 1)
y = x | (x + 1)