Unsupervised Deep Learning in Python

Autoencoders and Restricted Boltzmann Machines for Deep Neural Networks in Theano / Tensorflow, plus t-SNE and PCA

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  • All levels
  • 86 Lectures
  • 10h 39m
  • English
  • Lifetime access, certificate of completion (shareable on LinkedIn, Facebook, and Twitter), Q&A forum, subtitles in English
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Course Description

This course is the next logical step in my deep learning, data science, and machine learning series. I’ve done a lot of courses about deep learning, and I just released a course about unsupervised learning, where I talked about clustering and density estimation. So what do you get when you put these 2 together? Unsupervised deep learning!

In these course we’ll start with some very basic stuff - principal components analysis (PCA), and a popular nonlinear dimensionality reduction technique known as t-SNE (t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding).

Next, we’ll look at a special type of unsupervised neural network called the autoencoder. After describing how an autoencoder works, I’ll show you how you can link a bunch of them together to form a deep stack of autoencoders, that leads to better performance of a supervised deep neural network. Autoencoders are like a non-linear form of PCA.

Last, we’ll look at Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs). These are yet another popular unsupervised neural network, that you can use in the same way as autoencoders to pretrain your supervised deep neural network. I’ll show you an interesting way of training restricted Boltzmann machines, known as Gibbs sampling, a special case of Markov Chain Monte Carlo, and I’ll demonstrate how even though this method is only a rough approximation, it still ends up reducing other cost functions, such as the one used for autoencoders. This method is also known as Contrastive Divergence or CD-k. As in physical systems, we define a concept called free energy> and attempt to minimize this quantity.

Finally, we’ll bring all these concepts together and I’ll show you visually what happens when you use PCA and t-SNE on the features that the autoencoders and RBMs have learned, and we’ll see that even without labels the results suggest that a pattern has been found.

All the materials used in this course are FREE. Since this course is the 4th in the deep learning series, I will assume you already know calculus, linear algebra, and Python coding. You'll want to install Numpy, Theano and Tensorflow for this course. These are essential items in your data analytics toolbox.

If you are interested in deep learning and you want to learn about modern deep learning developments beyond just plain backpropagation, including using unsupervised neural networks to interpret what features can be automatically and hierarchically learned in a deep learning system, this course is for you.

This course focuses on "how to build and understand", not just "how to use". Anyone can learn to use an API in 15 minutes after reading some documentation. It's not about "remembering facts", it's about "seeing for yourself" via experimentation. It will teach you how to visualize what's happening in the model internally. If you want more than just a superficial look at machine learning models, this course is for you.



Suggested Prerequisites:

  • calculus
  • linear algebra
  • probability
  • Python coding: if/else, loops, lists, dicts, sets
  • Numpy coding: matrix and vector operations, loading a CSV file
  • linear regression, logistic regression
  • neural networks and backpropagation
  • Can write a feedforward neural network in Theano and TensorFlow


Tips for success:

  • Use the video speed changer! Personally, I like to watch at 2x.
  • Take handwritten notes. This will drastically increase your ability to retain the information.
  • Write down the equations. If you don't, I guarantee it will just look like gibberish.
  • Ask lots of questions on the discussion board. The more the better!
  • Don't get discouraged if you can't solve every exercise right away. Sometimes it'll take hours, days, or maybe weeks!
  • Write code yourself, this is an applied course! Don't be a "couch potato".

Lectures

  • 16 sections
  • 86 lectures
  • 10h 39m total length
Introduction and Outline
Preview
07:28
Where does this course fit into your deep learning studies?
02:58
How to Succeed in this Course
03:04
Where to get the code and data
05:03
Tensorflow or Theano - Your Choice!
04:10
What are the practical applications of unsupervised deep learning?
05:35
What does PCA do?
04:33
How does PCA work?
11:22
Why does PCA work? (PCA derivation)
10:13
PCA only rotates
05:30
MNIST visualization, finding the optimal number of principal components
03:40
PCA implementation
03:29
PCA for NLP
03:38
PCA objective function
02:06
PCA Application: Naive Bayes
09:51
SVD (Singular Value Decomposition)
10:59
Suggestion Box
03:10
t-SNE Theory
04:29
t-SNE Visualization
04:34
t-SNE on the Donut
05:52
t-SNE on XOR
04:37
t-SNE on MNIST
02:13
Autoencoders
03:21
Denoising Autoencoders
01:56
Stacked Autoencoders
03:33
Writing the autoencoder class in code (Theano)
11:56
Testing our Autoencoder (Theano)
03:06
Writing the deep neural network class in code (Theano)
12:43
Autoencoder in Code (Tensorflow)
08:30
Testing greedy layer-wise autoencoder training vs. pure backpropagation
03:34
Cross Entropy vs. KL Divergence
04:41
Deep Autoencoder Visualization Description
01:33
Deep Autoencoder Visualization in Code
11:15
An Autoencoder in 1 Line of Code
04:51
Basic Outline for RBMs
04:52
Intro to RBMs
08:22
Motivation Behind RBMs
06:52
Intractability
03:12
Neural Network Equations
07:44
Training an RBM (part 1)
11:35
Training an RBM (part 2)
06:19
Training an RBM (part 3) - Free Energy
07:21
RBM Greedy Layer-Wise Pretraining
04:51
RBM in Code (Theano) and Greedy Layer-wise Pre-training on MNIST
14:25
RBM in Code (Tensorflow)
05:04
The Vanishing Gradient Problem Description
03:08
The Vanishing Gradient Problem Demo in Code
12:18
Exercises on feature visualization and interpretation
02:08
Application of PCA and SVD to NLP (Natural Language Processing)
02:31
Latent Semantic Analysis in Code
10:08
Application of t-SNE + K-Means: Finding Clusters of Related Words
08:39
Recommender Systems Section Introduction
12:31
Why Autoencoders and RBMs work
05:59
Data Preparation and Logistics
05:34
Autoencoders (AutoRec) Discussion
10:15
Autoencoders (AutoRec) Code
11:46
Categorical RBM for Recommender System Ratings
11:32
Recommender RBM Code pt 1
07:27
Recommender RBM Code pt 2
04:17
Recommender RBM Code pt 3
11:43
Speeding up the Recommender RBM Code
07:54
Theano Basics: Variables, Functions, Expressions, Optimization
07:47
Building a neural network in Theano
09:17
TensorFlow Basics: Variables, Functions, Expressions, Optimization
07:27
Building a neural network in TensorFlow
09:43
Keras Basics
06:49
Keras Neural Network in Code
06:38
Keras Functional API
04:27
Restricted Boltzmann Machine Theory
09:32
Deriving Conditional Probabilities from Joint Probability
06:19
Contrastive Divergence for RBM Training
02:46
How to derive the free energy formula
06:33
What is the Appendix?
03:47
Pre-Installation Check
04:13
Anaconda Environment Setup
20:21
How to install Numpy, Scipy, Matplotlib, Pandas, PyTorch, and TensorFlow
17:33
How to Code Yourself (part 1)
15:55
How to Code Yourself (part 2)
09:24
Proof that using Jupyter Notebook is the same as not using it
12:29
Python 2 vs Python 3
04:38
Is Theano Dead?
10:04
How to Succeed in this Course (Long Version)
10:25
Is this for Beginners or Experts? Academic or Practical? Fast or slow-paced?
22:05
What order should I take your courses in? (part 1)
11:19
What order should I take your courses in? (part 2)
16:07
Where to get discount coupons and FREE AI tutorials
05:49

Reviews

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Testimonials and Success Stories

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H. Z.

Machine Learning Research Scientist
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United States

“I am one of your students. Yesterday, I presented my paper at ICCV 2019. You have a significant part in this, so I want to sincerely thank you for your in-depth guidance to the puzzle of deep learning. Please keep making awesome courses that teach us!”

5.0
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Wade J.

Data Scientist
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United States

“I just watched your short video on “Predicting Stock Prices with LSTMs: One Mistake Everyone Makes.” Giggled with delight.

You probably already know this, but some of us really and truly appreciate you. BTW, I spent a reasonable amount of time making a learning roadmap based on your courses and have started the journey.

Looking forward to your new stuff.”

5.0
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Kris M.

Data Scientist
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United States

“Thank you for doing this! I wish everyone who call’s themselves a Data Scientist would take the time to do this either as a refresher or learn the material. I have had to work with so many people in prior roles that wanted to jump right into machine learning on my teams and didn’t even understand the first thing about the basics you have in here!!

I am signing up so that I have the easy refresh when needed and the see what you consider important, as well as to support your great work, thank you.”

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Steve M.

Machine Learning Research Scientist
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United States

“I have been intending to send you an email expressing my gratitude for the work that you have done to create all of these data science courses in Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence. I have been looking long and hard for courses that have mathematical rigor relative to the application of the ML & AI algorithms as opposed to just exhibit some 'canned routine' and then viola here is your neural network or logistical regression.

Your courses are just what I have been seeking. I am a retired mathematician, statistician and Supply Chain executive from a large Fortune 500 company in Ohio. I also taught mathematics, statistics and operations research courses at a couple of universities in Northern Ohio.

I have taken many courses and have enjoyed the journey, I am not going to be critical of any of the organizations from whom I have taken courses. However, when I read a review about one of your courses in which the student was complaining that one would need a PhD in Mathematics to understand it, I knew this was the course (or series of courses) that I wanted. (Having advanced degrees in mathematics, I knew that it was highly unlikely that a PhD would actually be required.)”

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Saurabh W.

Data Scientist
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India

“Hi Sir I am a student from India. I've been wanting to write a note to thank you for the courses that you've made because they have changed my career. I wanted to work in the field of data science but I was not having proper guidance but then I stumbled upon your "Logistic Regression" course in March and since then, there's been no looking back. I learned ANNs, CNNs, RNNs, Tensorflow, NLP and whatnot by going through your lectures. The knowledge that I gained enabled me to get a job as a Business Technology Analyst at one of my dream firms even in the midst of this pandemic. For that, I shall always be grateful to you. Please keep making more courses with the level of detail that you do in low-level libraries like Theano.”

5.0
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David P.

Financial Analyst
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United States

“I just wanted to reach out and thank you for your most excellent course that I am nearing finishing.

And, I couldn't agree more with some of your "rants", and found myself nodding vigorously!

You are an excellent teacher, and a rare breed.

And, your courses are frankly, more digestible and teach a student far more than some of the top-tier courses from ivy leagues I have taken in the past.

(I plan to go through many more courses, one by one!)

I know you must be deluged with complaints in spite of the best content around That's just human nature.

Also, satisfied people rarely take the time to write, so I thought I will write in for a change. :)”

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P. C.

Deep Learning Research Scientist
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China

“Hello, Lazy Programmer!

In the process of completing my Master’s at Hunan University, China, I am writing this feedback to you in order to express my deep gratitude for all the knowledge and skills I have obtained studying your courses and following your recommendations.

The first course of yours I took was on Convolutional Neural Networks (“Deep Learning p.5”, as far as I remember). Answering one of my questions on the Q&A board, you suggested I should start from the beginning – the Linear and Logistic Regression courses. Despite that I assumed I had already known many basic things at that time, I overcame my “pride” and decided to start my journey in Deep Learning from scratch.

Course by course, I was renewing the basics and the prerequisites. Thus, in several months, after every day studying under your guidance, I was able to gain enough intuitions and practical skills in order to begin progressing in my research. Having a solid background, it was just a pleasure to read all the relevant papers in the field as well as to make all the experiments needed for achieving my goal – creating a high-performance CNN for offline HCCR.

I believe, the professionalism of any teacher can be estimated by the feedback received from their students, and it’s of the utmost importance for me to thank you, Lazy Programmer!

I want you to know, in spite, that we have never actually met and you haven’t taught me privately, I consider you one of my greatest Teachers.

The most important things I have learned from you (some in the hard way, though) beside many exciting modern Deep Learning/AI techniques and algorithms are:

1) If one doesn’t know how to program something, one doesn’t understand it completely.

2) If one is not honest with oneself about one’s prior knowledge, one will never succeed in studying more advanced things.

3) Developing skills in BOTH Math and Programming is what makes one a good student of this major.

I am still studying your courses, and am certain I will ask you more than just a few technical questions regarding their content, but I already would like to say, that I will remember your contribution to my adventure in the Deep Learning field, and consider it as big as one of such great scientists’ as Andrew Ng, Geoffrey Hinton, and my supervisor.

Thank you, Lazy Programmer! 非常感谢您,Lazy 老师!

If you are interested, you can find my first paper’s preprint here:

https://arxiv.org/abs/xxx”

5.0
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Dima K.

Data Scientist
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Ukraine

“By the way, if you are interested to hear. I used the HMM classification, as it was in your course (95% of the script, I had little adjustments there), for the Customer-Care department in a big known fintech company. to predict who will call them, so they can call him before the rush hours, and improve the service. Instead of a poem, I Had a sequence of the last 24 hours' events that the customer had, like: "Loaded money", "Usage in the food service", "Entering the app", "Trying to change the password", etc... the label was called or didn't call. The outcome was great. They use it for their VIP customers. Our data science department and I got a lot of praise.”

5.0
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Andres Lopez C.

Data Engineer
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United States

“This course is exactly what I was looking for. The instructor does an impressive job making students understand they need to work hard in order to learned. The examples are clear, and the explanations of the theory is very interesting.”

5.0
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Mohammed K.

Machine Learning Engineer
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Germany

“Thank you, I think you have opened my eyes. I was using API to implement Deep learning algorithms and each time I felt I was messing out on some things. So thank you very much.”

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Tom P.

Machine Learning Engineer
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United States

“I have now taken a few classes from some well-known AI profs at Stanford (Andrew Ng, Christopher Manning, …) with an overall average mark in the mid-90s. Just so you know, you are as good as any of them. But I hope that you already know that.

I wish you a happy and safe holiday season. I am glad you chose to share your knowledge with the rest of us.”

5.0
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